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Security alignment enables the Large Language Model (LLM) to gain the protection against malicious queries, but various jailbreak attack methods reveal the vulnerability of this security mechanism. Previous studies have isolated LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Xiaohu Li , Yunfeng Ning , Zepeng Bao , Mayi Xu , Jianhao Chen , Tieyun Qian

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable versatility and adaptability, while their widespread adoption across various applications also raises critical safety concerns. This paper focuses on the impact of backdoored LLMs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jiyang Qiu , Xinbei Ma , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao , Yun Li , Qianren Wang

Despite the critical threat posed by software security vulnerabilities, reports are often incomplete, lacking the proof-of-vulnerability (PoV) tests needed to validate fixes and prevent regressions. These tests are crucial not only for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Vikram Nitin , Baishakhi Ray , Roshanak Zilouchian Moghaddam

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used for automated software development, making their ability to preserve secure coding practices critical. In practice, however, many security requirements are implicit or underspecified,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yue Li , Xiao Li , Hao Wu , Yue Zhang , Yechao Zhang , Yating Liu , Fengyuan Xu , Sheng Zhong

As large language models (LLMs) advance, their inability to autonomously execute tasks by directly interacting with external tools remains a critical limitation. Traditional methods rely on inputting tool descriptions as context, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Renxi Wang , Xudong Han , Lei Ji , Shu Wang , Timothy Baldwin , Haonan Li

Prompt injection attacks, where untrusted data contains an injected prompt to manipulate the system, have been listed as the top security threat to LLM-integrated applications. Model-level prompt injection defenses have shown strong…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sizhe Chen , Arman Zharmagambetov , David Wagner , Chuan Guo

Recent studies have extensively explored NPU architectures for accelerating AI inference in on-device environments, which are inherently resource-constrained. Meanwhile, transformer-based large language models (LLMs) have become dominant,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Jonghun Lee , Junghoon Lee , Hyeonjin Kim , Seoho Jeon , Jisup Yoon , Hyunbin Park , Meejeong Park , Heonjae Ha

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel in processing and generating human language, powered by their ability to interpret and follow instructions. However, their capabilities can be exploited through prompt injection attacks. These attacks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Xiaogeng Liu , Zhiyuan Yu , Yizhe Zhang , Ning Zhang , Chaowei Xiao

Executing complex terminal tasks remains a significant challenge for open-weight LLMs, constrained by two fundamental limitations. First, high-fidelity, executable training environments are scarce: environments synthesized from real-world…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Kaijie Zhu , Yuzhou Nie , Yijiang Li , Yiming Huang , Jialian Wu , Jiang Liu , Ximeng Sun , Zhenfei Yin , Lun Wang , Zicheng Liu , Emad Barsoum , William Yang Wang , Wenbo Guo

As AI agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) become increasingly versatile and capable of addressing a broad spectrum of tasks, ensuring their security has become a critical challenge. Among the most pressing threats are prompt…

Hardware complexity continues to strain verification resources, motivating the adoption of machine learning (ML) methods to improve debug efficiency. However, ML-assisted debugging critically depends on diverse and scalable bug datasets,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Surya Jasper , Minh Luu , Evan Pan , Aakash Tyagi , Michael Quinn , Jiang Hu , David Kebo Houngninou

Recently Large Language Models (LLMs) have been used in security-related tasks, including generating proof-of-concept (PoC) exploits. Several LLM-assisted approaches have been proposed; they typically generate PoCs from vulnerability…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Derin Gezgin , Amartya Das , Shinhae Kim , Zhengdong Huang , Nevena Stojkovic , Claire Wang

Retrieval-Augmented Code Generation (RACG) leverages external knowledge to enhance Large Language Models (LLMs) in code synthesis, improving the functional correctness of the generated code. However, existing RACG systems largely overlook…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Bo Lin , Shangwen Wang , Yihao Qin , Liqian Chen , Xiaoguang Mao

Sequential recommender systems stand out for their ability to capture users' dynamic interests and the patterns of item-to-item transitions. However, the inherent openness of sequential recommender systems renders them vulnerable to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Kaike Zhang , Qi Cao , Yunfan Wu , Fei Sun , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have become powerful tools for automated code generation. However, these models often overlook critical security practices, which can result in the generation of insecure code that contains…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Hao Yan , Swapneel Suhas Vaidya , Xiaokuan Zhang , Ziyu Yao

Large Language Model (LLM) agents face security vulnerabilities spanning AI-specific and traditional software domains, yet current research addresses these separately. This study bridges this gap through comparative evaluation of Function…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Tarek Gasmi , Ramzi Guesmi , Ines Belhadj , Jihene Bennaceur

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at code generation, yet their outputs often contain subtle bugs, for which effective test cases are a critical bottleneck. Existing test generation methods, whether based on prompting or supervised…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Qingyao Li , Xinyi Dai , Weiwen Liu , Xiangyang Li , Yasheng Wang , Ruiming Tang , Yong Yu , Weinan Zhang

Prompt injection attacks exploit vulnerabilities in large language models (LLMs) to manipulate the model into unintended actions or generate malicious content. As LLM integrated applications gain wider adoption, they face growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Daniel Wankit Yip , Aysan Esmradi , Chun Fai Chan

Customized processors are attractive solutions for vast domain-specific applications due to their high energy efficiency. However, designing a processor in traditional flows is time-consuming and expensive. To address this, researchers have…

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) into mobile GUI agents has significantly enhanced user efficiency and experience. However, this advancement also introduces potential security…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Yulong Yang , Xinshan Yang , Shuaidong Li , Chenhao Lin , Zhengyu Zhao , Chao Shen , Tianwei Zhang