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Applications of machine learning in healthcare often require working with time-to-event prediction tasks including prognostication of an adverse event, re-hospitalization or death. Such outcomes are typically subject to censoring due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-04 Chirag Nagpal , Willa Potosnak , Artur Dubrawski

As models of cognition grow in complexity and number of parameters, Bayesian inference with standard methods can become intractable, especially when the data-generating model is of unknown analytic form. Recent advances in simulation-based…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-14 Stefan T. Radev , Andreas Voss , Eva Marie Wieschen , Paul-Christian Bürkner

When dealing with right-censored data, where some outcomes are missing due to a limited observation period, survival analysis -- known as time-to-event analysis -- focuses on predicting the time until an event of interest occurs. Multiple…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-23 Julie Alberge , Vincent Maladière , Olivier Grisel , Judith Abécassis , Gaël Varoquaux

In recent years, differentiable penalized likelihood methods have gained popularity, optimizing the causal structure by maximizing its likelihood with respect to the data. However, recent research has shown that errors in likelihood…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Mateusz Sypniewski , Mateusz Olko , Mateusz Gajewski , Piotr Miłoś

While tabular foundation models have achieved remarkable success in classification and regression, adapting them to model time-to-event outcomes for survival analysis is non-trivial due to right-censoring, where data observations may end…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Da In Kim , Wei Siang Lai , Kelly W. Zhang

A comprehensive, unified approach to modeling arbitrarily censored spatial survival data is presented for the three most commonly-used semiparametric models: proportional hazards, proportional odds, and accelerated failure time. Unlike many…

Applications · Statistics 2017-07-04 Haiming Zhou , Timothy Hanson

Survival analysis aims to estimate a time-to-event distribution from data with censored observations. Many existing methods either impose structural assumptions on the hazard function or discretize the time axis, which may limit flexibility…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Stanislav R. Kirpichenko , Andrei V. Konstantinov , Lev V. Utkin

Survival analysis is the branch of statistics that studies the relation between the characteristics of living entities and their respective survival times, taking into account the partial information held by censored cases. A good analysis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Ammar Shaker , Carolin Lawrence

Survival analysis is a fundamental area of focus in biomedical research, particularly in the context of personalized medicine. This prominence is due to the increasing prevalence of large and high-dimensional datasets, such as omics and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-08-23 Carlos García Meixide , Marcos Matabuena , Louis Abraham , Michael R. Kosorok

We introduce a semi-parametric Bayesian model for survival analysis. The model is centred on a parametric baseline hazard, and uses a Gaussian process to model variations away from it nonparametrically, as well as dependence on covariates.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-04 Tamara Fernández , Nicolás Rivera , Yee Whye Teh

Survival analysis holds a crucial role across diverse disciplines, such as economics, engineering and healthcare. It empowers researchers to analyze both time-invariant and time-varying data, encompassing phenomena like customer churn,…

Interval censoring occurs when event times are only known to fall between scheduled assessments, a common design in clinical trials, epidemiology, and reliability studies. Standard right-censoring methods, such as Kaplan-Meier and Cox…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-09-04 J. T. Korley

Survival analysis is a type of semi-supervised ranking task where the target output (the survival time) is often right-censored. Utilizing this information is a challenge because it is not obvious how to correctly incorporate these censored…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-12 Margaux Luck , Tristan Sylvain , Joseph Paul Cohen , Heloise Cardinal , Andrea Lodi , Yoshua Bengio

Survival analysis is a statistical technique used to estimate the time until an event occurs. Although it is applied across a wide range of fields, adjusting for reporting delays under practical constraints remains a significant challenge…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-27 Yuta Shikuri , Hironori Fujisawa

A survival dataset describes a set of instances (e.g. patients) and provides, for each, either the time until an event (e.g. death), or the censoring time (e.g. when lost to follow-up - which is a lower bound on the time until the event).…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Ali Hossein Gharari Foomani , Michael Cooper , Russell Greiner , Rahul G. Krishnan

Selection bias arises when the probability that an observation enters a dataset depends on variables related to the quantities of interest, leading to systematic distortions in estimation and uncertainty quantification. For example, in…

As in many fields of medical research, survival analysis has witnessed a growing interest in the application of deep learning techniques to model complex, high-dimensional, heterogeneous, incomplete, and censored medical data. Current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Patricia A. Apellániz , Juan Parras , Santiago Zazo

Conventional survival analysis approaches estimate risk scores or individualized time-to-event distributions conditioned on covariates. In practice, there is often great population-level phenotypic heterogeneity, resulting from (unknown)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-03-03 Paidamoyo Chapfuwa , Chunyuan Li , Nikhil Mehta , Lawrence Carin , Ricardo Henao

Survival Analysis (SA) constitutes the default method for time-to-event modeling due to its ability to estimate event probabilities of sparsely occurring events over time. In this work, we show how to improve the training and inference of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Chris Solomou

Survival analysis aims at modeling the relationship between covariates and event occurrence with some untracked (censored) samples. In implementation, existing methods model the survival distribution with strong assumptions or in a discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Yu Ling , Weimin Tan , Bo Yan