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In 1999, Katona and Kierstead conjectured that if a $k$-uniform hypergraph $\cal H$ on $n$ vertices has minimum co-degree $\lfloor \frac{n-k+3}{2}\rfloor$, i.e., each set of $k-1$ vertices is contained in at least $\lfloor…

If the $\ell$-adic cohomology of a projective smooth variety, defined over a $\frak{p}$-adic field $K$ with finite residue field $k$, is supported in codimension $\ge 1$, then any model over the ring of integers of $K$ has a $k$-rational…

We compare the (horizontal) trace of the affine Hecke category with the elliptic Hall algebra, thus obtaining an "affine" version of the construction of [14]. Explicitly, we show that the aforementioned trace is generated by the objects…

This article studies the equation $[A,B]^k = {\rm Id}_n$ for matrices over $\mathbb{C}$, characterizing the pairs $(k,n)$ for which solutions exist via a classical result of Lam and Leung on sums of roots of unity. The problem is next…

In 1997, Y. Ohno empirically stumbled on an astoundingly simple identity relating the number of cubic rings $h(D)$ of a given discriminant $D$, over the integers, to the number of cubic rings $h'(D)$ of discriminant $-27D$ in which every…

For a binary quadratic form $Q$, we consider the action of $\mathrm{SO}_Q$ on a two-dimensional vector space. This representation yields perhaps the simplest nontrivial example of a prehomogeneous vector space that is not irreducible, and…

Let $X_4\subset\mathbb{P}^{n+1}$ be a quartic hypersurface of dimension $n\geq 4$ over an infinite field $k$. We show that if either $X_4$ contains a linear subspace $\Lambda$ of dimension $h\geq \max\{2,\dim(\Lambda\cap…

We develop, as the first of a six-paper series, an operator-algebraic framework relating non-relativistic quantum mechanics and special relativity. Three structural facts organize the framework. (i)~The photon sector of free QED is a…

Let O be an order in an algebraic number field K, i.e., a ring with quotient field K which is contained in the ring of integers of K. The order O is called monogenic, if it is of the shape Z[w], i.e., generated over the rational integers by…

We prove a coordinatization theorem for unital alternative algebras containing 2 x 2 matrix algebra with the same identity element 1. This solves an old problem announced by Nathan Jacobson on the description of alternative algebras…

For any elements b,c of a number field K, let G(b,c) denote the backwards orbit of b under the map f_c: C-->C given by f_c(x)=x^2+c. We prove an upper bound on the number of elements of G(b,c) whose degree over K is at most some constant B.…

We find automorphic corrections for the Lorentzian Kac--Moody algebras with the simplest generalized Cartan matrices of rank 3: A_{1,0} = 2 0 -1 0 2 -2 -1 -2 2 and A_{1,I} = 2 -2 -1 -2 2 -1 -1 -1 2 For A_{1,0} this correction is given by…

Let $K_{m}=\Bbb{Q}(\zeta_{m})$ where $\zeta_{m}$ is a primitive $m$th root of unity. Let $p>2$ be prime and let $C_{p}$ denote the group of order $p.$ The ring of algebraic integers of $K_{m}$ is $\Cal{O}_{m}=\Bbb{Z}[\zeta_{m}].$ Let…

In Schubert Puzzles and Integrability I we proved several "puzzle rules" for computing products of Schubert classes in K-theory (and sometimes equivariant K-theory) of d-step flag varieties. The principal tool was "quantum integrability",…

Any homogeneous polynomial $P(x, y, z)$ of degree $d$, being restricted to a unit sphere $S^2$, admits essentially a unique representation of the form $\lambda + \sum_{k = 1}^d [\prod_{j = 1}^k L_{kj}]$, where $L_{kj}$'s are linear forms in…

Inspired by the Odlyzko root discriminant and Golod--Shafarevich $p$-group bounds, Martinet (1978) asked whether an imaginary quadratic number field $K/\mathbb{Q}$ must always have an infinite Hilbert $2$-class field tower when the class…

Quaternary unit Hadamard (QUH) matrices were introduced by Fender, Kharagani and Suda along with a method to construct them at prime power orders. We present a novel construction of real Hadamard matrices from QUH matrices. Our construction…

Let p be an odd prime. Let F_p^* be the no-null part of the finite field of p elements. Let K=\Q(zeta) be a p-cyclotomic field and O_K be its ring of integers. Let pi be the prime ideal of K lying over p. Let sigma : zeta --> zeta^v be the…

We study canonical models of $\left(\mathbb{Z}/k\mathbb{Z}\right)^n$- covers of the projective line, tamely ramified at exactly $n+1$ points each of index $k$, when $k,n\geq 2$ and the characteristic of the ground field $K$ is either zero…

We present two new canonical forms for real congruence of a real square matrix $A$. The first one is a direct sum of canonical matrices of four different types and is obtained from the canonical form under $^*$congruence of complex matrices…