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World models require robust relational understanding to support prediction, reasoning, and control. While object-centric representations provide a useful abstraction, they are not sufficient to capture interaction-dependent dynamics. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Heejeong Nam , Quentin Le Lidec , Lucas Maes , Yann LeCun , Randall Balestriero

Fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) remains structurally uncertain despite parameter-efficient methods such as Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), as the layer-specific roles of internal representations are poorly understood, leading to…

Joint-Embedding Predictive Architectures (JEPAs) aim to learn representations by predicting target embeddings from context embeddings, inducing a scalar compatibility energy in a latent space. In contrast, Quasimetric Reinforcement Learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Anthony Kobanda , Waris Radji

Generative models, from diffusion models to large language models, achieve remarkable performance but at a cost in training data orders of magnitude larger than what biological learners require. An alternative paradigm has emerged in which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Daniel J. Korchinski , Alessandro Favero , Matthieu Wyart

Accurately modeling and controlling vehicle exhaust emissions during transient events, such as rapid acceleration, is critical for meeting environmental regulations and optimizing powertrains. Conventional data-driven methods, such as…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-28 Ganesh Sundaram , Tobias Gehra , Jonas Ulmen , Mirjan Heubaum , Daniel Görges , Michael Günthner

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a widely adopted approach for adapting large language models, yet the internal representational changes induced by LoRA fine-tuning remain insufficiently understood. In this work, we investigate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Prasanth K K

We present V-JEPA 2.1, a family of self-supervised models that learn dense, high-quality visual representations for both images and videos while retaining strong global scene understanding. The approach combines four key components. First,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Lorenzo Mur-Labadia , Matthew Muckley , Amir Bar , Mido Assran , Koustuv Sinha , Mike Rabbat , Yann LeCun , Nicolas Ballas , Adrien Bardes

Vision-language pretraining has driven much of the recent progress in medical image representation learning, but this paradigm is constrained by the availability of paired image-text data and by the reporting bias of clinical narratives. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Anas Anwarul Haq Khan , Mariam Husain , Pratik Jalan , Kshitij Jadhav

Image-based Joint-Embedding Predictive Architecture (I-JEPA) offers a promising approach to visual self-supervised learning through masked feature prediction. However with the inherent visual uncertainty at masked positions, feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Chen Huang , Xianhang Li , Vimal Thilak , Etai Littwin , Josh Susskind

Joint Embedding Predictive Architectures (JEPA) are a novel self supervised training technique that have shown recent promise across domains. We introduce BERT-JEPA (BEPA), a training paradigm that adds a JEPA training objective to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-05 Taj Gillin , Adam Lalani , Kenneth Zhang , Marcel Mateos Salles

This paper explores the automated process of determining stem compatibility by identifying audio recordings of single instruments that blend well with a given musical context. To tackle this challenge, we present Stem-JEPA, a novel…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Alain Riou , Stefan Lattner , Gaëtan Hadjeres , Michael Anslow , Geoffroy Peeters

State-of-the-art embedding models are increasingly derived from decoder-only Large Language Model (LLM) backbones adapted via contrastive learning. Given the emergence of reasoning models trained via Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Wun Yu Chan , Shaojin Chen , Huihao Jing , Kwun Hang Lau , Elton Chun-Chai Li , Zihao Wang , Haoran Li , Yangqiu Song

Video Joint Embedding Predictive Architectures (V-JEPA) learn generalizable off-the-shelf video representation by predicting masked regions in latent space with an exponential moving average (EMA)-updated teacher. While EMA prevents…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Xianhang Li , Chen Huang , Chun-Liang Li , Eran Malach , Josh Susskind , Vimal Thilak , Etai Littwin

Sequential fine-tuning of pretrained language encoders often overwrites previously acquired capabilities, but the forgetting behavior of parameter-efficient updates remains under-characterized. We present a controlled empirical study of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Ashish Pandey

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become a practical route for adapting large language models to downstream tasks, with LoRA-style methods being particularly attractive because they are inexpensive to train and easy to deploy. Most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yihang Peng , Peng Jin , Jie Gong , Xingyuan Chen , Lingjiao Xu , Ning Su , Yan Ran

JEPAs often regularize one-view embeddings toward an isotropic Gaussian, implicitly baking Euclidean symmetry into the representation. We show that this is not merely a benign default. For a known structured downstream geometry $H\succ0$,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Robert Jenkinson Alvarez

Recent progress in latent world models (e.g., V-JEPA2) has shown promising capability in forecasting future world states from video observations. Nevertheless, dense prediction from a short observation window limits temporal context and can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Haichao Zhang , Yijiang Li , Shwai He , Tushar Nagarajan , Mingfei Chen , Jianglin Lu , Ang Li , Yun Fu

In the field of large language model (LLM) post-training, the effectiveness of utilizing synthetic data generated by the LLM itself has been well-presented. However, a key question remains unaddressed: what essential information should such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Jin Zhang , Flood Sung , Zhilin Yang , Yang Gao , Chongjie Zhang

Non-contrastive self-supervised learning (SSL) is an effective framework for predictive representation learning, but popular (and in practice effective) methods such as SimSiam, BYOL, I-JEPA or DINO, which rely on a form of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Michael Arbel , Basile Terver , Jean Ponce

We present Clin-JEPA, a multi-phase co-training framework for joint-embedding predictive (JEPA) pretraining on EHR patient trajectories. JEPA architectures have enabled latent-space planning in robotics and high-quality representation…