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With ChatGPT-like large language models (LLM) prevailing in the community, how to evaluate the ability of LLMs is an open question. Existing evaluation methods suffer from following shortcomings: (1) constrained evaluation abilities, (2)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-09 Jiaju Lin , Haoran Zhao , Aochi Zhang , Yiting Wu , Huqiuyue Ping , Qin Chen

Large language models have achieved substantial progress in mathematical reasoning, yet their advancement is limited by the scarcity of high-quality, high-difficulty training data. Existing synthesis methods largely rely on transforming…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Shaoxiong Zhan , Yanlin Lai , Ziyu Lu , Dahua Lin , Ziqing Yang , Fei Tan

The scarcity of data depicting dangerous situations presents a major obstacle to training AI systems for safety-critical applications, such as construction safety, where ethical and logistical barriers hinder real-world data collection.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Vu Dinh Xuan , Hao Vo , David Murphy , Hoang D. Nguyen

Most LLM-based agent frameworks adopt a top-down philosophy: humans decompose tasks, define workflows, and assign agents to execute each step. While effective on benchmark-style tasks, such systems rely on designer updates and overlook…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Jiawei Du , Jinlong Wu , Yuzheng Chen , Yucheng Hu , Bing Li , Joey Tianyi Zhou

The rapid development of large language model (LLM)-based agents has unlocked new possibilities for autonomous multi-turn reasoning and tool-augmented decision-making. However, their real-world deployment is hindered by severe…

Modern clinical practice relies on evidence-based guidelines implemented as compact scoring systems composed of a small number of interpretable decision rules. While machine-learning models achieve strong performance, many fail to translate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Silas Ruhrberg Estévez , Christopher Chiu , Mihaela van der Schaar

Scalable AI agents training relies on interactive environments that faithfully simulate the consequences of agent actions. Manually crafted environments are expensive to build, brittle to extend, and fundamentally limited in diversity. A…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yi Liu , TingFeng Hui , Wei Zhang , Li Sun , Ningxin Su , Jian Wang , Sen Su

Converting process sketches into executable simulation models remains a major bottleneck in process systems engineering, requiring substantial manual effort and simulator-specific expertise. Recent advances in generative AI have improved…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Abdullah Bahamdan , Emma Pajak , John D. Hedengren , Antonio del Rio Chanona

Deploying large language model (LLM)-driven conversational agents in enterprise settings requires prompts that are simultaneously correct at launch and resilient to the non-deterministic behavioral drift that characterizes production LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Keshava Chaitanya , Jahnavi Gundakaram

Reusable skills are becoming a common interface for extending large language model agents, packaging procedural guidance with access to files, tools, memory, and execution environments. However, this modularity introduces attack surfaces…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Chang Jin , An Wang , Zeming Wei , Kai Wang , Biaojie Zeng , Qiaosheng Zhang , Chao Yang , Jingjing Qu , Xia Hu , Xingcheng Xu

It is desirable for an agent to be able to solve a rich variety of problems that can be specified through language in the same environment. A popular approach towards obtaining such agents is to reuse skills learned in prior tasks to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Geraud Nangue Tasse , Devon Jarvis , Steven James , Benjamin Rosman

The acquisition of agentic capabilities has transformed LLMs from "knowledge providers" to "action executors", a trend that while expanding LLMs' capability boundaries, significantly increases their susceptibility to malicious use. Previous…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Jinchuan Zhang , Lu Yin , Yan Zhou , Songlin Hu

We introduce AgentSynth, a scalable and cost-efficient pipeline for automatically synthesizing high-quality tasks and trajectory datasets for generalist computer-use agents. Leveraging information asymmetry, AgentSynth constructs subtasks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jingxu Xie , Dylan Xu , Xuandong Zhao , Dawn Song

In recent years, a variety of powerful LLM-based agentic systems have been applied to automate complex tasks through task orchestration. However, existing orchestration methods still face key challenges, including strategy collapse under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Mingda Zhang , Tiesunlong Shen , Haoran Luo , Wenjin Liu , Zikai Xiao , Erik Cambria , Xiaoying Tang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have substantially enhanced automated code generation across a wide range of programming languages. Nonetheless, verifying the correctness and executability of LLM-generated code remains a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Xinkui Zhao , Yifan Zhang , Zhengyi Zhou , Yueshen Xu

In practical LLM applications, users repeatedly express stable preferences and requirements, such as reducing hallucinations, following institutional writing conventions, or avoiding overly technical wording, yet such interaction experience…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Yutao Yang , Junsong Li , Qianjun Pan , Bihao Zhan , Yuxuan Cai , Lin Du , Jie Zhou , Kai Chen , Qin Chen , Xin Li , Bo Zhang , Liang He

Most existing prompting methods suffer from the issues of generalizability and consistency, as they often rely on instance-specific solutions that may not be applicable to other instances and lack task-level consistency across the selected…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Chang Gao , Haiyun Jiang , Deng Cai , Shuming Shi , Wai Lam

Agent Skills, structured packages of procedural knowledge loaded into an LLM agent at inference time, are widely reported to improve task pass rates by an average of 16.2~percentage points across diverse domains. Yet the same benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Samuel Jacob Chacko , James Hugglestone , Chashi Mahiul Islam , Xiuwen Liu

Agent skills are increasingly used to configure coding agents for software engineering (SE) tasks, yet current practice treats them as static, hand-crafted assets, or evolved on pass rate alone. This is insufficient: a skill can improve…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jingzhi Gong , Ruizhen Gu , Zhiwei Fei , Yazhuo Cao , Lukas Twist , Alina Geiger , Shuo Han , Dominik Sobania , Federica Sarro , Jie M. Zhang

Agentic workflows are composed of sequences of interdependent Large Language Model (LLM) calls, and they have become a dominant workload in modern AI systems. These workflows exhibit extensive redundancy from overlapping prompts and…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Noppanat Wadlom , Junyi Shen , Yao Lu