Related papers: Wormholes and Averaging over N
An important question about black holes is to what extent a typical pure state differs from the ensemble average. We show that this question can be answered within semi-classical gravity. We focus on the quantum deviation, which measures…
Despite its successes, the large-$N$ holographic dictionary remains incomplete. Key features of gravitational path integrals--most notably Euclidean wormholes and the associated failure of factorization--lack a clear interpretation in the…
The wormhole contribution to the gravitational path integral may be interpreted as smooth remnant of correlations among the erratic large-$N$ behaviors of dual CFTs. In this work, we investigate this idea in (2+1)-dimensional gravity. We…
We reconsider the role of wormholes in the AdS/CFT correspondence. We focus on Euclidean wormholes that connect two asymptotically AdS or hyperbolic regions with $\mathbb{S}^1\times \mathbb{S}^{d-1}$ boundary. There is no solution to…
We analyse a variety of Euclidean saddles in the gravitational path integral, with asymptotic AdS boundary conditions, in a class of Einstein-Scalar-Maxwell models. These include single boundary solutions, usual and wineglass wormholes, as…
We consider the ensemble average of two dimensional symmetric product orbifold CFTs $\text{Sym}^N(\mathbb{T}^D)$ over the Narain moduli space. We argue for a bulk dual given by $N$ copies of an abelian Chern-Simons theory coupled to…
We introduce and study stochastic $N$-particle ensembles which are discretizations for general-$\beta$ log-gases of random matrix theory. The examples include random tilings, families of non-intersecting paths, $(z,w)$-measures, etc. We…
Recent work shows fascinating links between ensemble averaging and the Swampland program. In order to break the emerging global symmetries of the ensemble averaging as dictated by the no global symmetries conjecture, one may consider…
Fluctuations of observables provide unique insights into the nature of physical systems, and their study stands as a cornerstone of both theoretical and experimental science. Generalized fluctuations, or cumulants, provide information…
We study the spectral statistics of primary operators in the recently formulated ensemble average of Narain's family of free boson conformal field theories, which provides an explicit (though exotic) example of an averaged holographic…
A simple model of spacetime foam, made by $N$ wormholes in a semiclassical approximation, is taken under examination. We show that the qualitative behaviour of the fluctuation of the metric conjectured by Wheeler is here reproduced.
Recent developments involving JT gravity in two dimensions indicate that under some conditions, a gravitational path integral is dual to an average over an ensemble of boundary theories, rather than to a specific boundary theory. For an…
Using results of statistical field theory for systems with an anisotropic disorder, we present an analog model for Euclidean wormholes and topological fluctuation effects in a Riemannian space $\mathcal{M}^\mathrm{d}$. The contribution of…
We investigate the connection between spacetime wormholes and ensemble averaging in the context of higher spin AdS$_3$/CFT$_2$. Using techniques from modular bootstrap combined with some holographic inputs, we evaluate the partition…
The second author had previously obtained explicit generating functions for moments of characteristic polynomials of permutation matrices (n points). In this paper, we generalize many aspects of this situation. We introduce random shifts of…
We have previously proposed that asymptotically AdS 3D wormholes and black holes can be analytically continued to the Euclidean signature. The analytic continuation procedure was described for non-rotating spacetimes, for which a plane t=0…
We introduce a geometric path integral definition of wormhole partition functions in a general class of 1D quantum systems obtained by quantizing a phase space. We compute the wormhole partition function in a semi-classical limit and in…
Let g:{\mathbb R} --> {\mathbb C} be a C^{\infty}-function with all derivatives bounded and let tr_n denote the normalized trace on the n x n matrices. In the paper [EM] Ercolani and McLaughlin established asymptotic expansions of the mean…
Strongly consistent estimates are shown, via relative frequency, for the probability of "white balls" inside a dichotomous urn when such a probability is an arbitrary continuous time dependent function over a bounded time interval. The…
We develop a non-perturbative definition of RMT${}_2$: a generalization of random matrix theory that is compatible with the symmetries of two-dimensional conformal field theory. Given any random matrix ensemble, its $n$-point spectral…