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As large language models are integrated into autonomous robotic systems for task planning and control, compromised inputs or unsafe model outputs can propagate through the planning pipeline to physical-world consequences. Although prior…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Neha Nagaraja , Hayretdin Bahsi , Carlo R. da Cunha

We read twelve well-known LLM agent benchmark papers and recorded, dimension by dimension, what each paper actually says about how its evaluation was run. The motivation came from a familiar frustration: two papers will report results on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Mahdi Naser Moghadasi , Faezeh Ghaderi

Agentic security systems increasingly audit live targets with tool-using LLMs, but prior systems fix a single coordination topology, leaving unclear when additional agents help and when they only add cost. We treat topology choice as an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Isaac David , Arthur Gervais

Large Language Models (LLMs) have increasingly become pivotal in content generation with notable societal impact. These models hold the potential to generate content that could be deemed harmful.Efforts to mitigate this risk include…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Kexin Chen , Yi Liu , Dongxia Wang , Jiaying Chen , Wenhai Wang

The prosperity of machine learning has also brought people's concerns about data privacy. Among them, inference attacks can implement privacy breaches in various MLaaS scenarios and model training/prediction phases. Specifically, inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Feng Wu , Lei Cui , Shaowen Yao , Shui Yu

We present swarm-attack, an open-source adversarial testing framework in which multiple lightweight LLM agents coordinate through shared memory, parallel exploration, and evolutionary optimization. Together, our results demonstrate that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Michael A. Riegler , Inga Strümke

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into electronic design automation (EDA) workflows has introduced powerful capabilities for RTL generation, verification, and design optimization, but also raises critical security concerns.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Zeng Wang , Minghao Shao , Weimin Fu , Prithwish Basu Roy , Xiaolong Guo , Ramesh Karri , Muhammad Shafique , Johann Knechtel , Ozgur Sinanoglu

While the deployment of large language models (LLMs) in high-value industries continues to expand, the systematic assessment of their safety against jailbreak and prompt-based attacks remains insufficient. Existing safety evaluation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Xiuyuan Chen , Jian Zhao , Yuxiang He , Yuan Xun , Xinwei Liu , Yanshu Li , Huilin Zhou , Wei Cai , Ziyan Shi , Yuchen Yuan , Tianle Zhang , Chi Zhang , Xuelong Li

Jailbreaking techniques pose a significant threat to the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing defenses typically focus on single-turn attacks, lack coverage across languages, and rely on limited taxonomies that either fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Francesco Giarrusso , Olga E. Sorokoletova , Vincenzo Suriani , Daniele Nardi

Large language models (LLMs) undergo safety alignment after training and tuning, yet recent work shows that safety can be bypassed through jailbreak attacks. While many jailbreaks and defenses exist, their cross-lingual generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Berk Atil , Rebecca J. Passonneau , Fred Morstatter

Traditional cybersecurity methodologies target deterministic systems and fail to address the probabilistic nature of AI, leaving systems vulnerable to attack vectors such as model inversion, data poisoning, and prompt injection. Recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tsafac Nkombong Regine Cyrille , Franziska Schwarz

Prompt injection attacks exploit vulnerabilities in large language models (LLMs) to manipulate the model into unintended actions or generate malicious content. As LLM integrated applications gain wider adoption, they face growing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-03 Daniel Wankit Yip , Aysan Esmradi , Chun Fai Chan

Existing agent-safety evaluation has focused mainly on externally induced risks. Yet agents may still enter unsafe trajectories under benign conditions. We study this complementary but underexplored setting through the lens of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Jiacheng Wang , Jinchang Hou , Fabian Wang , Ping Jian , Chenfu Bao , Zhonghou Lv

Despite the importance of developing generative AI models that can effectively resist scams, current literature lacks a structured framework for evaluating their vulnerability to such threats. In this work, we address this gap by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Udari Madhushani Sehwag , Kelly Patel , Francesca Mosca , Vineeth Ravi , Jessica Staddon

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success but remain highly susceptible to jailbreak attacks, in which adversarial prompts coerce models into generating harmful, unethical, or policy-violating outputs. Such attacks pose…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Feiyue Xu , Hongsheng Hu , Chaoxiang He , Sheng Hang , Hanqing Hu , Xiuming Liu , Yubo Zhao , Zhengyan Zhou , Bin Benjamin Zhu , Shi-Feng Sun , Dawu Gu , Shuo Wang

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on third-party API routers to dispatch tool-calling requests across multiple upstream providers. These routers operate as application-layer proxies with full plaintext access to every…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Hanzhi Liu , Chaofan Shou , Hongbo Wen , Yanju Chen , Ryan Jingyang Fang , Yu Feng

Numerous works study black-box attacks on image classifiers. However, these works make different assumptions on the adversary's knowledge and current literature lacks a cohesive organization centered around the threat model. To systematize…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-02-15 Fnu Suya , Anshuman Suri , Tingwei Zhang , Jingtao Hong , Yuan Tian , David Evans

Large language models (LLMs) have strong capabilities in solving diverse natural language processing tasks. However, the safety and security issues of LLM systems have become the major obstacle to their widespread application. Many studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Tianyu Cui , Yanling Wang , Chuanpu Fu , Yong Xiao , Sijia Li , Xinhao Deng , Yunpeng Liu , Qinglin Zhang , Ziyi Qiu , Peiyang Li , Zhixing Tan , Junwu Xiong , Xinyu Kong , Zujie Wen , Ke Xu , Qi Li

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in real-world applications, raising concerns about their security. While jailbreak attacks highlight failures under overtly harmful queries, they overlook a critical risk: incorrectly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yukai Zhou , Sibei Yang , Wenjie Wang

When building Large Language Models (LLMs), it is paramount to bear safety in mind and protect them with guardrails. Indeed, LLMs should never generate content promoting or normalizing harmful, illegal, or unethical behavior that may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Simone Tedeschi , Felix Friedrich , Patrick Schramowski , Kristian Kersting , Roberto Navigli , Huu Nguyen , Bo Li