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Large language models (LLMs) use function calls to interface with external tools and data source. However, the current approach to LLM function calling is inherently synchronous, where each call blocks LLM inference, limiting LLM operation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 In Gim , Seung-seob Lee , Lin Zhong

Large language model (LLM)-based agents have shown strong capabilities in using external tools to solve complex tasks. However, existing evaluations often overlook the temporal dimension of tool use, especially the impact of tool response…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Kou Shi , Ziao Zhang , Shiting Huang , Avery Nie , Zhen Fang , Qiuchen Wang , Lin Chen , Huaian Chen , Zehui Chen , Feng Zhao

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a pivotal technology in the post-training phase of large language models (LLMs). Traditional task-colocated RL frameworks suffer from significant scalability bottlenecks, while task-separated RL…

The reasoning capabilities of the recent LLMs enable them to execute external function calls to overcome their inherent limitations, such as knowledge cutoffs, poor arithmetic skills, or lack of access to private data. This development has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Sehoon Kim , Suhong Moon , Ryan Tabrizi , Nicholas Lee , Michael W. Mahoney , Kurt Keutzer , Amir Gholami

The advanced function-calling capabilities of foundation models open up new possibilities for deploying agents to perform complex API tasks. However, managing large amounts of data and interacting with numerous APIs makes function calling…

LLM-based function calling enables intelligent agents to interact with external tools and environments, yet autoregressive decoding imposes a fundamental latency bottleneck that limits real-time applications such as embodied intelligence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiaoxin Shi , Jiaxin Wan , Linkang Dong , Wei Jiang , Yue Liu , Zengfeng Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in Natural Language Processing and coding, yet they struggle with robustness and accuracy in complex function calls. To tackle these challenges, this paper introduces ADC, an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Wei Zhang , Yi Zhang , Li Zhu , Qianghuai Jia , Feijun Jiang , Hongcheng Guo , Zhoujun Li , Mengping Zhou

While frontier large language models (LLMs) are capable tool-using agents, current AI systems still operate in a strict turn-based fashion, oblivious to passage of time. This synchronous design forces user queries and tool-use to occur…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Antonio A. Ginart , Naveen Kodali , Jason Lee , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , John Emmons

Function calling is a fundamental capability of today's large language models, but sequential function calling posed efficiency problems. Recent studies have proposed to request function calls with parallelism support in order to alleviate…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Xiaoxia Liu , Peng Di , Cong Li , Jun Sun , Jingyi Wang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in function calling for autonomous agents, yet current mechanisms lack explicit reasoning transparency during parameter generation, particularly for complex functions…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Lei Wei , Xiao Peng , Jinpeng Ou , Bin Wang

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to their increased integration into mobile devices for personalized assistance, which enables LLMs to call external API functions to enhance their performance. However,…

The proliferation of tool-augmented Large Language Models (LLMs) has created a fragmented ecosystem where developers must navigate multiple protocols, manual schema definitions, and complex execution workflows. We address this challenge by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Peng Ding , Rick Stevens

Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for decentralized machine learning, enabling collaborative model training across diverse clients without sharing raw data. However, traditional FL approaches often face limitations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Ali Forootani , Raffaele Iervolino

Effective human-AI collaboration on complex reasoning tasks requires that users understand and interact with the model's process, not just receive an output. However, the monolithic text from methods like Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prevents…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Yueqian Lin , Zhengmian Hu , Jayakumar Subramanian , Qinsi Wang , Nikos Vlassis , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

Large language models (LLMs) have significantly advanced autonomous agents, particularly in zero-shot tool usage, also known as function calling. This research delves into enhancing the function-calling capabilities of LLMs by exploring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Yi-Chang Chen , Po-Chun Hsu , Chan-Jan Hsu , Da-shan Shiu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly acting as autonomous agents, with function calling (FC) capabilities enabling them to invoke specific tools for tasks. While prior research has primarily focused on improving FC accuracy, little…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Ella Rabinovich , Ateret Anaby-Tavor

Vision-language-action (VLA) models have recently emerged as a powerful paradigm for building generalist robots. However, traditional VLA models that generate actions through flow matching (FM) typically rely on rigid and uniform time…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Yuhua Jiang , Shuang Cheng , Yan Ding , Feifei Gao , Biqing Qi

State-of-the-art sequential reasoning in Large Language Models (LLMs) has expanded the capabilities of Copilots beyond conversational tasks to complex function calling, managing thousands of API calls. However, the tendency of compositional…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Simranjit Singh , Andreas Karatzas , Michael Fore , Iraklis Anagnostopoulos , Dimitrios Stamoulis

Despite real-time planners exhibiting remarkable performance in autonomous driving, the growing exploration of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened avenues for enhancing the interpretability and controllability of motion planning.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Yuan Chen , Zi-han Ding , Ziqin Wang , Yan Wang , Lijun Zhang , Si Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now integral to numerous industries, increasingly serving as the core reasoning engine for autonomous agents that perform complex tasks through tool-use. While the development of Arabic-native LLMs is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Konstantin Kubrak , Ahmed El-Moselhy , Ammar Alsulami , Remaz Altuwaim , Hassan Ismail Fawaz , Faisal Alsaby
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