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Although diffusion models have achieved strong results in decision-making tasks, their slow inference speed remains a key limitation. While consistency models offer a potential solution, existing applications to decision-making either…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xintong Duan , Yutong He , Fahim Tajwar , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , J. Zico Kolter , Jeff Schneider

We introduce Diffusion Policy Policy Optimization, DPPO, an algorithmic framework including best practices for fine-tuning diffusion-based policies (e.g. Diffusion Policy) in continuous control and robot learning tasks using the policy…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has been extensively employed in a wide range of decision-making problems, such as games and robotics. Recently, diffusion policies have shown strong potential in modeling multi-modal behaviors, enabling more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Ben Liu , Shunpeng Yang , Hua Chen

While the shift from cascaded dialogue systems to end-to-end (E2E) speech Large Language Models (LLMs) improves latency and paralinguistic modeling, E2E models often exhibit a significant performance degradation compared to their text-based…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-31 Di Cao , Dongjie Fu , Hai Yu , Siqi Zheng , Xu Tan , Tao Jin

On-Policy Distillation (OPD) has gained wide attraction as an LLM post-training paradigm due to its effectiveness in improving capabilities without introducing model distribution drift, and consequently, regression in general tasks.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Aristotelis Lazaridis , Dylan Bates , Aman Sharma , Brian King , Vincent Lu , Jack FitzGerald

Recent studies have shown the great potential of diffusion models in improving reinforcement learning (RL) by modeling complex policies, expressing a high degree of multi-modality, and efficiently handling high-dimensional continuous…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Huiyun Jiang , Zhuang Yang

In offline reinforcement learning (RL), the performance of the learned policy highly depends on the quality of offline datasets. However, in many cases, the offline dataset contains very limited optimal trajectories, which poses a challenge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Guanghe Li , Yixiang Shan , Zhengbang Zhu , Ting Long , Weinan Zhang

Model-based reinforcement learning methods often use learning only for the purpose of estimating an approximate dynamics model, offloading the rest of the decision-making work to classical trajectory optimizers. While conceptually simple,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Michael Janner , Yilun Du , Joshua B. Tenenbaum , Sergey Levine

Reinforcement learning for multi-turn agents suffers from a credit-assignment mismatch: rewards are sparse and trajectory-level, while success often hinges on a few local decisions. Existing online policy distillation (OPD) provides denser…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yanfei Zhang , Xu Lin , Chenglin Wu

Adapting large language models (LLMs) to long-context tasks requires post-training methods that remain accurate and coherent over thousands of tokens. Existing approaches are limited in several ways: 1) off-policy methods such as supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Miguel Moura Ramos , Duarte M. Alves , André F. T. Martins

Optimizing discrete diffusion model (DDM) with rewards remains a challenge: the non-autoregressive paradigm makes importance sampling intractable and rollout complex, puzzling reinforcement learning methods such as Group Relative Policy…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Tianren Ma , Mu Zhang , Yibing Wang , Qixiang Ye

Generative models, particularly diffusion models, have achieved remarkable success in density estimation for multimodal data, drawing significant interest from the reinforcement learning (RL) community, especially in policy modeling in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jinouwen Zhang , Rongkun Xue , Yazhe Niu , Yun Chen , Jing Yang , Hongsheng Li , Yu Liu

Combining offline and online reinforcement learning (RL) is crucial for efficient and safe learning. However, previous approaches treat offline and online learning as separate procedures, resulting in redundant designs and limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Kun Lei , Zhengmao He , Chenhao Lu , Kaizhe Hu , Yang Gao , Huazhe Xu

Diffusion Models have emerged as a leading class of generative models, yet their iterative sampling process remains computationally expensive. Timestep distillation is a promising technique to accelerate generation, but it often requires…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Guanjie Chen , Shirui Huang , Kai Liu , Jianchen Zhu , Xiaoye Qu , Peng Chen , Yu Cheng , Yifu Sun

On-policy distillation (OPD) has emerged as an efficient post-training paradigm for large language models. However, existing studies largely attribute this advantage to denser and more stable supervision, while the parameter-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yuchen Cai , Ding Cao , Liang Lin , Chunxi Luo , Xin Xu , Kai Yang , Weijie Liu , Saiyong Yang , Tianxiang Zhao , Guangzhong Sun , Guiquan Liu , Junfeng Fang

Policy distillation, which transfers a teacher policy to a student policy has achieved great success in challenging tasks of deep reinforcement learning. This teacher-student framework requires a well-trained teacher model which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Kwei-Herng Lai , Daochen Zha , Yuening Li , Xia Hu

This dissertation investigates how reinforcement learning (RL) methods can be designed to be safe, sample-efficient, and robust. Framed through the unifying perspective of contextual-bandit RL, the work addresses two major application…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Shashank Gupta

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL) is a booming area of artificial intelligence. Many practical applications of DRL naturally involve more than one collaborative learners, making it important to study DRL in a multi-agent context. Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Gang Chen

Many advances that have improved the robustness and efficiency of deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms can, in one way or another, be understood as introducing additional objectives or constraints in the policy optimization step.…

Reinforcement learning (RL)-based fine-tuning has emerged as a powerful approach for aligning diffusion models with black-box objectives. Proximal policy optimization (PPO) is a popular choice of method for policy optimization. While…