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The rapid advancement of vision-language models (VLMs) has established a new paradigm in video anomaly detection (VAD): leveraging VLMs to simultaneously detect anomalies and provide comprehendible explanations for the decisions. Existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Muchao Ye , Weiyang Liu , Pan He

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) aims to localize abnormal events on the timeline of long-range surveillance videos. Anomaly-scoring-based methods have been prevailing for years but suffer from the high complexity of thresholding and low…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Hui Lv , Qianru Sun

Existing Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) methods typically rely on task-specific training, leading to strong domain dependency and high training costs. Moreover, most existing methods output only scalar anomaly scores, providing limited…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Hyeongmuk Lim , Youngbum Hur

Video anomaly understanding (VAU) aims to provide detailed interpretation and semantic comprehension of anomalous events within videos, addressing limitations of traditional methods that focus solely on detecting and localizing anomalies.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Ying Cheng , Yu-Ho Lin , Min-Hung Chen , Fu-En Yang , Shang-Hong Lai

Video anomaly detection (VAD) has witnessed significant advancements through the integration of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs), addressing critical challenges such as interpretability, temporal reasoning, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Xi Ding , Lei Wang

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) has traditionally been framed as binary classification or outlier detection, providing neither interpretable reasoning nor precise spatial localization of anomalous events. While Vision-Language Models (VLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Sakshi Agarwal , Aishik Konwer , Ankit Parag Shah

Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to identify unexpected events in videos and has wide applications in safety-critical domains. While semi-supervised methods trained on only normal samples have gained traction, they often suffer from high…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Zongcan Ding , Haodong Zhang , Peng Wu , Guansong Pang , Zhiwei Yang , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Understanding abnormal events in videos is a vital and challenging task that has garnered significant attention in a wide range of applications. Although current video understanding Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are capable of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Yingxian Chen , Jiahui Liu , Ruidi Fan , Yanwei Li , Chirui Chang , Shizhen Zhao , Wilton W. T. Fok , Xiaojuan Qi , Yik-Chung Wu

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) aims to identify anomalous events in videos and accurately determine their time intervals. Current VAD methods mainly fall into two categories: traditional DNN-based approaches that focus on temporal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Shibo Gao , Peipei Yang , Yangyang Liu , Yi Chen , Han Zhu , Xuyao Zhang , Linlin Huang

Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to temporally locate abnormal events in a video. Existing works mostly rely on training deep models to learn the distribution of normality with either video-level supervision, one-class supervision, or in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Luca Zanella , Willi Menapace , Massimiliano Mancini , Yiming Wang , Elisa Ricci

Video anomaly detection (VAD) has been paid increasing attention due to its potential applications, its current dominant tasks focus on online detecting anomalies% at the frame level, which can be roughly interpreted as the binary or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Peng Wu , Jing Liu , Xiangteng He , Yuxin Peng , Peng Wang , Yanning Zhang

Video anomaly detection (VAD) holds immense importance across diverse domains such as surveillance, healthcare, and environmental monitoring. While numerous surveys focus on conventional VAD methods, they often lack depth in exploring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Moshira Abdalla , Sajid Javed , Muaz Al Radi , Anwaar Ulhaq , Naoufel Werghi

Explainable video anomaly detection (VAD) is crucial for safety-critical applications, yet even with recent progress, much of the research still lacks spatial grounding, making the explanations unverifiable. This limitation is especially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Inpyo Song , Minjun Joo , Joonhyung Kwon , Eunji Jeon , Jangwon Lee

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) is a fundamental challenge in computer vision, particularly due to the open-set nature of anomalies. While recent training-free approaches utilizing Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown promise, they…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Lokman Bekit , Hamza Karim , Nghia T Nguyen , Yasin Yilmaz

Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to identify abnormal events in videos. Traditional VAD methods generally suffer from the high costs of labeled data and full training, thus some recent works have explored leveraging frozen multi-modal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Zhaolin Cai , Fan Li , Huiyu Duan , Lijun He , Guangtao Zhai

Video anomaly detection (VAD) aims to identify and ground anomalous behaviors or events in videos, serving as a core technology in the fields of intelligent surveillance and public safety. With the advancement of deep learning, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Shibo Gao , Peipei Yang , Haiyang Guo , Yangyang Liu , Yi Chen , Shuai Li , Han Zhu , Jian Xu , Xu-Yao Zhang , Linlin Huang

Video Anomaly Detection~(VAD) focuses on identifying anomalies within videos. Supervised methods require an amount of in-domain training data and often struggle to generalize to unseen anomalies. In contrast, training-free methods leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yihua Shao , Haojin He , Sijie Li , Siyu Chen , Xinwei Long , Fanhu Zeng , Yuxuan Fan , Muyang Zhang , Ziyang Yan , Ao Ma , Xiaochen Wang , Hao Tang , Yan Wang , Shuyan Li

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown promise in textual understanding, they face significant challenges when handling long context and complex reasoning tasks. In this paper, we dissect the internal mechanisms governing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Rongcan Pei , Huan Li , Fang Guo , Qi Zhu

The recent developments in Large Multi-modal Video Models (Video-LMMs) have significantly enhanced our ability to interpret and analyze video data. Despite their impressive capabilities, current Video-LMMs have not been evaluated for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Rohit Bharadwaj , Hanan Gani , Muzammal Naseer , Fahad Shahbaz Khan , Salman Khan

Weakly supervised video anomaly detection (WS-VAD) is tasked with pinpointing temporal intervals containing anomalous events within untrimmed videos, utilizing only video-level annotations. However, a significant challenge arises due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yu Wang , Shiwei Chen
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