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Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), such as GPT-4o, Gemini, LLaVA, and Flamingo, have made significant progress in integrating visual and textual modalities, excelling in tasks like visual question answering (VQA), image captioning,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Junxiao Xue , Quan Deng , Fei Yu , Yanhao Wang , Jun Wang , Yuehua Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has shown substantial promise in improving factual accuracy by grounding model responses with external knowledge relevant to queries. However, most existing approaches are limited to a text-only corpus,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Woongyeong Yeo , Kangsan Kim , Soyeong Jeong , Jinheon Baek , Sung Ju Hwang

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MRAG) addresses key limitations of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), such as hallucination and outdated knowledge. However, current MRAG systems struggle to distinguish whether retrieved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Xihang Wang , Zihan Wang , Chengkai Huang , Quan Z. Sheng , Lina Yao

Effectively retrieving, reasoning, and understanding multimodal information remains a critical challenge for agentic systems. Traditional Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) methods rely on linear interaction histories, which struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Qiuchen Wang , Shihang Wang , Yu Zeng , Qiang Zhang , Fanrui Zhang , Zhuoning Guo , Bosi Zhang , Wenxuan Huang , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Pengjun Xie , Ruixue Ding

Despite recent progress in multimodal large language models (MLLMs), reliable visual question answering in aerial scenes remains challenging. In such scenes, task-critical evidence is often carried by small objects, explicit quantities,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junxiao Xue , Quan Deng , Tingqi Hu , Meicong Si , Xinyi Yin , Yunyun Shi , Xuecheng Wu

Understanding information from a collection of multiple documents, particularly those with visually rich elements, is important for document-grounded question answering. This paper introduces VisDoMBench, the first comprehensive benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Manan Suri , Puneet Mathur , Franck Dernoncourt , Kanika Goswami , Ryan A. Rossi , Dinesh Manocha

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as an effective paradigm for enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs) with external knowledge. However, existing multimodal RAG systems predominantly rely on coarse-grained…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yifan Zhu , Yu Mi , Yue Lu , Yanchu Guan , Zhixuan Chu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enables large language models (LLMs) to dynamically access external information, which is powerful for answering questions over previously unseen documents. Nonetheless, they struggle with high-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Chi-Hsiang Hsiao , Yi-Cheng Wang , Tzung-Sheng Lin , Yi-Ren Yeh , Chu-Song Chen

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (MRAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating multimodal data (text, images, videos) into retrieval and generation processes, overcoming the limitations of text-only…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Lang Mei , Siyu Mo , Zhihan Yang , Chong Chen

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) typically relies on a flat retrieval paradigm that maps queries directly to static, isolated text segments. This approach struggles with more complex tasks that require the conditional retrieval and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jihao Dai , Dingjun Wu , Yuxuan Chen , Zheni Zeng , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Maosong Sun

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates hallucinations in Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), yet existing systems struggle with complex cross-modal reasoning. Flat vector retrieval often ignores structural dependencies, while…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Sijun Dai , Qiang Huang , Xiaoxing You , Jun Yu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a leading approach to reducing hallucinations in large language models (LLMs). Current RAG evaluation benchmarks primarily focus on what we call local RAG: retrieving relevant chunks from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Qi Luo , Xiaonan Li , Tingshuo Fan , Xinchi Chen , Xipeng Qiu

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is an effective technique that enables large language models (LLMs) to utilize external knowledge sources for generation. However, current RAG systems are solely based on text, rendering it impossible to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Shi Yu , Chaoyue Tang , Bokai Xu , Junbo Cui , Junhao Ran , Yukun Yan , Zhenghao Liu , Shuo Wang , Xu Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems fail when documents evolve through versioning-a ubiquitous characteristic of technical documentation. Existing approaches achieve only 58-64% accuracy on version-sensitive questions, retrieving…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Daniel Huwiler , Kurt Stockinger , Jonathan Fürst

Multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (Visual RAG) significantly advances question answering by integrating visual and textual evidence. Yet, current evaluations fail to systematically account for query difficulty and ambiguity. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Yuelyu Ji , Wuwei Lan , Patrick NG

With the rapid advancement of Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), their capability in understanding both images and text has greatly improved. However, their potential for leveraging multi-modal contextual information in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Zhenghao Liu , Xingsheng Zhu , Tianshuo Zhou , Xinyi Zhang , Xiaoyuan Yi , Yukun Yan , Ge Yu , Maosong Sun

Large language models equipped with retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) represent a burgeoning field aimed at enhancing answering capabilities by leveraging external knowledge bases. Although the application of RAG with language-only…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Cheng Tan , Jingxuan Wei , Linzhuang Sun , Zhangyang Gao , Siyuan Li , Bihui Yu , Ruifeng Guo , Stan Z. Li

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances language models by combining retrieval with generation. However, its current workflow remains largely text-centric, limiting its applicability in geoscience. Many geoscientific tasks are…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Runlong Yu , Shiyuan Luo , Rahul Ghosh , Lingyao Li , Yiqun Xie , Xiaowei Jia

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising paradigm for enhancing large language models (LLMs) on multi-hop question answering (QA), which requires reasoning over evidence from multiple documents. Current multi-hop RAG…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yikai Zhu , Kunfeng Chen , Qihuang Zhong , Juhua Liu , Bo Du

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) prevails in Large Language Models. It mainly consists of retrieval and generation. The retrieval modules (a.k.a. retrievers) aim to find useful information used to facilitate the generation modules…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Xinping Zhao , Yan Zhong , Zetian Sun , Xinshuo Hu , Zhenyu Liu , Dongfang Li , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang