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Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has enabled large language models (LLMs) to utilize additional computation through intermediate tokens to solve complex tasks. However, we posit that typical reasoning traces contain many redundant tokens,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Tergel Munkhbat , Namgyu Ho , Seo Hyun Kim , Yongjin Yang , Yujin Kim , Se-Young Yun

The growing adoption of electronic health record (EHR) systems has provided unprecedented opportunities for predictive modeling to guide clinical decision making. Structured EHRs contain longitudinal observations of patients across hospital…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Deyi Li , Zijun Yao , Qi Xu , Muxuan Liang , Lingyao Li , Zijian Xu , Mei Liu

Objective: Large language models (LLMs) are attracting increasing interest in healthcare. This commentary evaluates the potential of LLMs to improve clinical prediction models (CPMs) for diagnostic and prognostic tasks, with a focus on…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yusuf Yildiz , Goran Nenadic , Meghna Jani , David A. Jenkins

Large reasoning models (LRMs) like OpenAI o1 and DeepSeek-R1 achieve high accuracy on complex tasks by adopting long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning paths. However, the inherent verbosity of these processes frequently results in redundancy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Chenzhi Hu , Qinzhe Hu , Yuhang Xu , Junyi Chen , Ruijie Wang , Shengzhong Liu , Jianxin Li , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly improved multi-hop question answering (QA) through direct Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning. However, the irreversible nature of CoT leads to error accumulation, making it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Xinjie Zhao , Fan Gao , Xingyu Song , Yingjian Chen , Rui Yang , Yanran Fu , Yuyang Wang , Yusuke Iwasawa , Yutaka Matsuo , Irene Li

Although large language models (LLMs) have achieved excellent performance in a variety of evaluation benchmarks, they still struggle in complex reasoning tasks which require specific knowledge and multi-hop reasoning. To improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zhipeng Chen , Kun Zhou , Beichen Zhang , Zheng Gong , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

Generative models can produce synthetic patient records for analytical tasks when real data is unavailable or limited. However, current methods struggle with adhering to domain-specific knowledge and removing invalid data. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Brandon Theodorou , Shrusti Jain , Cao Xiao , Jimeng Sun

Chain-of-thought (CoT) decoding enables language models to improve reasoning performance at the cost of high generation latency in decoding. Recent proposals have explored variants of contemplation tokens, a term we introduce that refers to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jeffrey Cheng , Benjamin Van Durme

This is the second in a series of short reports that seek to help business, education, and policy leaders understand the technical details of working with AI through rigorous testing. In this report, we investigate Chain-of-Thought (CoT)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Lennart Meincke , Ethan Mollick , Lilach Mollick , Dan Shapiro

The rapid evolution of large language models in natural language processing has substantially elevated their semantic understanding and logical reasoning capabilities. Such proficiencies have been leveraged in autonomous driving systems,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Yixin Cui , Haotian Lin , Shuo Yang , Yixiao Wang , Yanjun Huang , Hong Chen

Reasoning language models improve performance on complex tasks by generating long chains of thought (CoTs), but this process can also increase harmful outputs in adversarial settings. In this work, we ask whether the long CoTs can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yik Siu Chan , Zheng-Xin Yong , Stephen H. Bach

Sequential diagnosis prediction on the Electronic Health Record (EHR) has been proven crucial for predictive analytics in the medical domain. EHR data, sequential records of a patient's interactions with healthcare systems, has numerous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-08 Xueping Peng , Guodong Long , Tao Shen , Sen Wang , Jing Jiang

Recently, Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has delivered success on complex reasoning tasks, which aims at designing a simple prompt like ``Let's think step by step'' or multiple in-context exemplars with well-designed rationales to elicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Jianing Wang , Qiushi Sun , Xiang Li , Ming Gao

Participant recruitment based on unstructured medical texts such as clinical notes and radiology reports has been a challenging yet important task for the cohort establishment in clinical research. Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Zihan Guan , Zihao Wu , Zhengliang Liu , Dufan Wu , Hui Ren , Quanzheng Li , Xiang Li , Ninghao Liu

Mathematical Word Problems (MWPs) are among the most challenging tasks in natural language processing because they require both linguistic understanding and multi-step numerical reasoning. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting has shown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Aurprita Mahmood , Sabrin alam , Neloy kumer Sagor , Md. Abdul Hadi , Md. Sehab Al Islam , Minhajul Islam

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks but their performance in complex logical reasoning tasks remains unsatisfactory. Although some prompting methods, such as Chain-of-Thought, can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Tongxuan Liu , Wenjiang Xu , Weizhe Huang , Yuting Zeng , Jiaxing Wang , Xingyu Wang , Hailong Yang , Jing Li

Reasoning-tuned LLMs utilizing long Chain-of-Thought (CoT) excel at single-answer tasks, yet their ability to model Human Label Variation--which requires capturing probabilistic ambiguity rather than resolving it--remains underexplored. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Beiduo Chen , Tiancheng Hu , Caiqi Zhang , Robert Litschko , Anna Korhonen , Barbara Plank

Equipped with Chain-of-Thought (CoT), Large language models (LLMs) have shown impressive reasoning ability in various downstream tasks. Even so, suffering from hallucinations and the inability to access external knowledge, LLMs often come…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Keheng Wang , Feiyu Duan , Sirui Wang , Peiguang Li , Yunsen Xian , Chuantao Yin , Wenge Rong , Zhang Xiong

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) empowers Large Language Models (LLMs) to tackle complex problems, but remains constrained by the computational cost and reasoning path collapse when grounded in discrete token spaces. Recent latent reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Jiecong Wang , Hao Peng , Chunyang Liu

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities. Chain-of-Thought (CoT) has been proposed as a way of assisting LLMs in performing complex reasoning. However, developing effective prompts can be a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Yuxin Tang