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As global greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, the use of stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), a form of solar geoengineering, is increasingly considered in order to artificially mitigate climate change effects. However, initial…
Climate change is a prevalent threat, and it is unlikely that current mitigation efforts will be enough to avoid unwanted impacts. One potential option to reduce climate change impacts is the use of stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI).…
Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI), a possible climate engineering strategy where reflective particles are injected into the stratosphere, has been explored to mitigate global warming and its associated risks, such as the intensification…
A concern for stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) is that stratospheric aerosols could inadvertently alter rain and winds through mechanisms independent of the intended surface cooling. We here use a multi-model framework to investigate…
Stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) using solid particles has been proposed as an alternative to sulfate aerosols for solar radiation modification, but practical deployment faces challenges in efficiently deagglomerating and dispersing…
This paper reviews and develops the proposal, widely discussed but not examined in detail, to use stratospheric aerosols to increase the Earth's albedo to Solar radiation in order to control climate change. The potential of this method has…
Solar Radiation Modification (SRM) may be the only way to limit global warming in the coming decades, leading to increased interest in the subject and to the expansion of related research & development (R&D) activity. Defining the safety…
Climate change is one of the 21st centurys major challenges. However, the progress in reducing greenhouse gas emissions is perceived as being too slow. Hence, more radical technologies such as stratospheric aerosol injection are entering…
Stratospheric aerosols play an important role in the earth system and can affect the climate on timescales of months to years. However, estimating the characteristics of partially observed aerosol injections, such as those from volcanic…
Social Explainable AI (SAI) is a new direction in artificial intelligence that emphasises decentralisation, transparency, social context, and focus on the human users. SAI research is still at an early stage. Consequently, it concentrates…
The sustainability of AI systems depends on the capacity of project teams to proceed with a continuous sensitivity to their potential real-world impacts and transformative effects. Stakeholder Impact Assessments (SIAs) are governance…
We investigate the relationship between spectral solar irradiance (SSI) and ozone in the tropical upper stratosphere. We find that solar cycle (SC) changes in ozone can be well approximated by considering the ozone response to SSI changes…
In the most common space solar power (SSP) system architectures, solar energy harvested by large satellites in geostationary orbit is transmitted to Earth via microwave radiation. Currently, only limited information about the interactions…
Stochastic cooling, as the different cooling mechanism from electron cooling, is designed and constructed on CSRe (experimental Cooling Storage Ring) in HIRFL (Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou) at present. The beam extracted from CSRm…
We introduce SPHRAY, a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) ray tracer designed to solve the 3D, time dependent, radiative transfer (RT) equations for arbitrary density fields. The SPH nature of SPHRAY makes the incorporation of separate…
The Software Supply Chain Attribute Integrity, or SCAI (pronounced "sky"), specification proposes a data format for capturing functional attribute and integrity information about software artifacts and their supply chain. SCAI data can be…
Aerosols influence weather and climate by interacting with radiation through absorption and scattering. These effects heavily rely on the optical properties of aerosols, which are mainly governed by attributes such as morphology, size…
The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement program is a U.S. Department of Energy project that collects meteorological observations at several locations around the world in order to study how weather processes affect global climate change. As…
The need for developing model evaluations beyond static benchmarking, especially in the post-deployment phase, is now well-understood. At the same time, concerns about the concentration of power in deployed AI systems have sparked a keen…
AI infrastructure has transitioned from a software-centric paradigm to a system tightly bound by physical and environmental limits. Energy availability, cooling capacity, and network connectivity now impose hard operational boundaries that…