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Quantized inference has demonstrated substantial system-level benefits in large language models while preserving model quality. In contrast, reliably applying low-precision quantization to recommender systems remains challenging in…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Yi Su , Xinchen Luo , Hongtao Cheng , Ziteng Shu , Yunfeng Zhao , Fangyu Zhang , Jiaqiang Liu , Xiao Liang , Yiwu Liu , Ruiming Tang

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) significantly enhances formal reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) by training them to explicitly generate intermediate reasoning steps. While LLMs readily benefit from such techniques, improving…

It is a common practice in natural language processing to pre-train a single model on a general domain and then fine-tune it for downstream tasks. However, when it comes to Large Language Models, fine-tuning the entire model can be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Cristian Meo , Ksenia Sycheva , Anirudh Goyal , Justin Dauwels

As the number of model parameters increases, parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has become the go-to choice for tailoring pre-trained large language models. Low-rank Adaptation (LoRA) uses a low-rank update method to simulate full…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yongkang Liu , Xing Li , Mengjie Zhao , Shanru Zhang , Zijing Wang , Qian Li , Shi Feng , Feiliang Ren , Daling Wang , Hinrich Schütze

Robust prediction of molecular properties under extreme out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios is a pivotal bottleneck in AI-driven drug discovery. Current scaffold-splitting protocols fail to obstruct microscopic semantic overlap,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Zhuohao Lin , Kun Li , Jiameng Chen , Jiajun Yu , Duanhua Cao , Yizhen Zheng , Wenbin Hu

As the size and context length of Large Language Models (LLMs) grow, weight-activation quantization has emerged as a crucial technique for efficient deployment of LLMs. Compared to weight-only quantization, weight-activation quantization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-27 Minghui Zou , Ronghui Guo , Sai Zhang , Xiaowang Zhang , Zhiyong Feng

Model compression methods are used to reduce the computation and energy requirements for Large Language Models (LLMs). Quantization Aware Training (QAT), an effective model compression method, is proposed to reduce performance degradation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-16 He Li , Jianhang Hong , Yuanzhuo Wu , Snehal Adbol , Zonglin Li

The compression of deep learning models is of fundamental importance in deploying such models to edge devices. The selection of compression parameters can be automated to meet changes in the hardware platform and application using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-21 Nesma M. Rezk , Tomas Nordström , Dimitrios Stathis , Zain Ul-Abdin , Eren Erdal Aksoy , Ahmed Hemani

The increasingly Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate stronger language understanding and generation capabilities, while the memory demand and computation cost of fine-tuning LLMs on downstream tasks are non-negligible. Besides,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-14 Ting Hu , Christoph Meinel , Haojin Yang

Large Language Model (LLM) unlearning aims to remove targeted knowledge from a trained model, but practical deployments often require post-training quantization (PTQ) for efficient inference. However, aggressive low-bit PTQ can mask…

Looped language models repeat a set of transformer layers through depth, reducing memory costs and providing natural early-exit points at loop boundaries. However, looped models do not scale as favorably as standard transformers with unique…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Ryan Lee , Jacob Biloki , Edward J. Hu , Jonathan May

While Transformers have achieved remarkable success in LLMs through superior scalability, their application in industrial-scale ranking models remains nascent, hindered by the challenges of high feature sparsity and low label density. In…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Chunqi Wang , Bingchao Wu , Taotian Pang , Jiahao Wang , Jie Yang , Jia Liu , Hao Zhang , Hai Zhu , Lei Shen , Shizhun Wang , Bing Wang , Xiaoyi Zeng

Considering the hardware-friendly characteristics and broad applicability, structured pruning has emerged as an efficient solution to reduce the resource demands of large language models (LLMs) on resource-constrained devices. Traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Zihuai Xu , Yang Xu , Hongli Xu , Yunming Liao , Zhiwei Yao , Zuan Xie

This paper delves into the continuous post-training optimization methods for small language models, and proposes a continuous post-training alignment data construction method for small language models. The core of this method is based on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Keke Zhai

Post-training weight-only quantization to 4 bits is widely used to reduce the memory and compute costs of large language model inference. Existing PTQ methods, such as AWQ and GPTQ, improve how weights are mapped onto a fixed 4-bit grid…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Beshr IslamBouli , David Jin

Large language models (LLMs) face the challenges in fine-tuning and deployment due to their high memory demands and computational costs. While parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods aim to reduce the memory usage of the optimizer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Jeonghoon Kim , Jung Hyun Lee , Sungdong Kim , Joonsuk Park , Kang Min Yoo , Se Jung Kwon , Dongsoo Lee

The rapid growth of large language models (LLMs) with traditional centralized fine-tuning emerges as a key technique for adapting these models to domain-specific challenges, yielding privacy risks for both model and data owners. One…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Kai Yao , Zhaorui Tan , Penglei Gao , Lichun Li , Kaixin Wu , Yinggui Wang , Yuan Zhao , Yixin Ji , Wei Wang , Jianke Zhu

The increasing computational demands of foundation models have spurred research into low-precision training, with 4-bit floating-point (\texttt{FP4}) formats emerging as a frontier for maximizing hardware throughput. While numerous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Robert Hu , Carlo Luschi , Paul Balanca

Large language models, which are often trained for hundreds of thousands of compute days, have shown remarkable capabilities for zero- and few-shot learning. Given their computational cost, these models are difficult to replicate without…

Large-scale pre-trained Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have gained prominence in various visual and multimodal tasks, yet the deployment of VLMs on downstream application platforms remains challenging due to their prohibitive requirements of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Huixin Sun , Runqi Wang , Yanjing Li , Xianbin Cao , Xiaolong Jiang , Yao Hu , Baochang Zhang
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