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The impact of both multiplicative and additive hardware impairments (HWIs) on multiple-input multiple-output affine frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-AFDM) systems is investigated. For small-scale MIMO-AFDM systems, a tight bit error…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-29 Zeping Sui , Zilong Liu , Leila Musavian , Yong Liang Guan , Lie-Liang Yang , Lajos Hanzo

Adapting Foundation Models (FMs) for downstream tasks through Federated Learning (FL) emerges a promising strategy for protecting data privacy and valuable FMs. Existing methods fine-tune FM by allocating sub-FM to clients in FL, however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Zhaopeng Peng , Xiaoliang Fan , Yufan Chen , Zheng Wang , Shirui Pan , Chenglu Wen , Ruisheng Zhang , Cheng Wang

Next generation wireless systems will need higher spectral efficiency as the expected traffic volumes per unit bandwidth and dimension will inevitably grow. As a consequence, it is necessary to design coding schemes with performances close…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-05-10 Guido Montorsi , Farbod Kayhan

High-mobility scenarios will be a critical part of 6G systems. Since the widely deployed orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform suffers from subcarrier orthogonality loss under severe Doppler spread, delay-Doppler domain…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Yiyan Ma , Bo Ai , Jinhong Yuan , Shuangyang Li , Qingqing Cheng , Zhenguo Shi , Weijie Yuan , Zhiqiang Wei , Akram Shafie , Guoyu Ma , Yunlong Lu , Mi Yang , Zhangdui Zhong

General frequency division multiplexing (GFDM) is a flexible non-orthogonal waveform candidate for 5G which can offer some advantages such as low out-of-band (OOB) emission and high spectral efficiency. In this paper, the effects of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-03-07 Amirhossein Mohammadian , Abbas Mohammadi , Abdolali Abdipour , Mina Baghani

OFDM-based waveforms with filtering or windowing functionalities are considered key enablers for a flexible air-interface design for multi-service support in future 5G systems. One candidate from this category of waveforms is pulse shaped…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-05-31 Zhao Zhao , Malte Schellmann , Xitao Gong , Qi Wang , Ronald Böhnke , Yan Guo

This paper addresses the problem of frequency-domain inter-carrier interference (ICI) mitigation for differential orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) systems. The classical fractional fast Fourier transform (F-FFT), adopting…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Jihui Qiu , Yuzhou Li , Yunlong Huang , Yimeng Wang , Lingyu Gu

In this paper we propose a method for defending against an eavesdropper that uses a Deep Neural Network (DNN) for learning the modulation of wireless communication signals. Our method is based on manipulating the emitted waveform with the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Dimitrios Varkatzas , Antonios Argyriou

Conventional orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform design in integrated sensing and communications (ISAC) systems usually selects the channels with high-frequency responses to transmit communication data, which does not…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-27 Qinghui Lu , Zhen Du , Zenghui Zhang

Passive eavesdropping compromises confidentiality in wireless networks, especially in resource-constrained environments where heavyweight cryptography is impractical. Physical layer security (PLS) exploits channel randomness and spatial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Yifan Zhang , Yishan Yang , Riku Jäntti , Zheng Yan , Dusit Niyato , Zhu Han

The recently developed affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) can achieve full diversity in doubly selective channels, providing a comprehensive sparse representation of the delay-Doppler domain channel. Thus, accurate channel…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-02 Yu Zhou , Haoran Yin , Nanhao Zhou , Yanqun Tang , Xiaoying Zhang , Weijie Yuan

The standardization of the sixth-generation (6G) has recently commenced to address the rapidly growing demands for enhanced wireless network services. Nevertheless, existing wireless systems, particularly at the physical layer waveform…

Time-modulated arrays (TMA) transmitting orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveforms achieve physical layer security by allowing the signal to reach the legitimate destination undistorted, while making the signal appear…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-13 Zhihao Tao , Zhaoyi Xu , Athina Petropulu

In orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (OFDM-IM), the active subcarriers can convey information bits by modulated symbols as well as their indices. OFDM-IM has attracted a great deal of attention from…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Kee-Hoon Kim

One of the most important multi-carrier transmission techniques used in the latest wireless communication arena is known as Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM). It has several characteristics such as providing greater immunity…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2014-06-13 Md. Munjure Mowla , Liton Chandra Paul , Md. Rabiul Hasan

Low peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) waveform design is a crucial issue in integrated sensing and communications (ISAC). This paper introduces an OFDM-ISAC waveform design that utilizes…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Kaimin Li , Jiahuan Wang , Haixia Cui , Bingpeng Zhou , Pingzhi Fan

This paper proposes a variational Bayesian (VB) detector for affine frequency division multiplexing (AFDM) systems. The proposed method estimates the symbol probability distribution by minimizing the Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergence between…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Can Zheng , Chung G. Kang

In active sensing systems, waveforms with ambiguity functions (AFs) of low peak sidelobe levels (PSLs) across a time delay and Doppler frequency shift plane (delay-Doppler plane) of interest are desirable for reducing false alarms.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-09 Weiting Lin , Yuwei Chang , Borching Su

Communication security could be enhanced at physical layer but at the cost of complex algorithms and redundant hardware, which would render traditional physical layer security (PLS) techniques unsuitable for use with resource-constrained…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-12-22 Tongyang Xu

Dual-function radar-communication (DFRC) systems, which can efficiently utilize the congested spectrum and costly hardware resources by employing one common waveform for both sensing and communication (S&C), have attracted increasing…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Zichao Xiao , Rang Liu , Ming Li , Yang Liu , Qian Liu