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Automatic target recognition (ATR) plays a critical role in tasks such as navigation and surveillance, where safety and accuracy are paramount. In extreme use cases, such as military applications, these factors are often challenged due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Yasiru Ranasinghe , Vibashan VS , James Uplinger , Celso De Melo , Vishal M. Patel

Understanding user instructions and object spatial relations in surrounding environments is crucial for intelligent robot systems to assist humans in various tasks. The natural language and spatial reasoning capabilities of Vision-Language…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Wenxi Wu , Jingjing Zhang , Martim Brandão

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have made impressive progress in connecting vision and language, but they still struggle with spatial understanding and viewpoint-aware reasoning. Recent efforts aim to augment the input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Kevin Qu , Haozhe Qi , Mihai Dusmanu , Mahdi Rad , Rui Wang , Marc Pollefeys

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) is a multi-modal, cooperative task requiring agents to interpret human instructions, navigate 3D environments, and communicate effectively under ambiguity. This paper presents a comprehensive review of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Nivedan Yakolli , Avinash Gautam , Abhijit Das , Yuankai Qi , Virendra Singh Shekhawat

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have made them powerful tools in embodied navigation, enabling agents to leverage commonsense and spatial reasoning for efficient exploration in…

Understanding and following natural language instructions while navigating through complex, real-world environments poses a significant challenge for general-purpose robots. These environments often include obstacles and pedestrians, making…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Xiwen Liang , Liang Ma , Shanshan Guo , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Shikui Ma , Xiaodan Liang

Current Visual-Language Navigation (VLN) methodologies face a trade-off between semantic understanding and control precision. While Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) offer superior reasoning, deploying them as low-level controllers…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Zhenxing Xu , Brikit Lu , Weidong Bao , Zhengqiu Zhu , Junsong Zhang , Hui Yan , Wenhao Lu , Ji Wang

Indoor navigation remains a critical challenge for people with visual impairments. The current solutions mainly rely on infrastructure-based systems, which limit their ability to navigate safely in dynamic environments. We propose a novel…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Aydin Ayanzadeh , Tim Oates

In this work, we propose a modular approach for the Vision-Language Navigation (VLN) task by decomposing the problem into four sub-modules that use state-of-the-art Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision-Language Models (VLMs) in a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Navid Rajabi , Jana Kosecka

Previous research has investigated the application of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) in understanding 3D scenes by interpreting them as videos. These approaches generally depend on comprehensive 3D data inputs, such as point…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Duo Zheng , Shijia Huang , Yanyang Li , Liwei Wang

Although Multimodal Large Language Models have achieved remarkable progress, they still struggle with complex 3D spatial reasoning due to the reliance on 2D visual priors. Existing approaches typically mitigate this limitation either…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Jiahua Chen , Qihong Tang , Weinong Wang , Qi Fan

We present an approach to improve 3D vehicle labeling in self-driving applications through zero-shot inference of vehicle information, leveraging Vehicle Make and Model Recognition (VMMR) methods. The proposed approach utilizes a Vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Steven Chen , Shivesh Khaitan , Nemanja Djuric

Visual-Language Navigation (VLN) is a fundamental challenge in robotic systems, with broad applications for the deployment of embodied agents in real-world environments. Despite recent advances, existing approaches are limited in long-range…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Xiaolin Zhou , Tingyang Xiao , Liu Liu , Yucheng Wang , Maiyue Chen , Xinrui Meng , Xinjie Wang , Wei Feng , Wei Sui , Zhizhong Su

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into autonomous driving has attracted growing interest for their strong reasoning and semantic understanding abilities, which are essential for handling complex decision-making and long-tail…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Thomas Monninger , Shaoyuan Xie , Qi Alfred Chen , Sihao Ding

Vision-language models (VLMs) show great promise for 3D scene understanding but are mainly applied to indoor spaces or autonomous driving, focusing on low-level tasks like segmentation. This work expands their use to urban-scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Valentin Bieri , Marco Zamboni , Nicolas S. Blumer , Qingxuan Chen , Francis Engelmann

Vision-language Navigation (VLN) requires an agent to understand visual observations and language instructions to navigate in unseen environments. Most existing approaches rely on static scene assumptions and struggle to generalize in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xiangchen Liu , Hanghan Zheng , Jeil Jeong , Minsung Yoon , Lin Zhao , Zhide Zhong , Haoang Li , Sung-Eui Yoon

Embodied agents face a critical dilemma that end-to-end models lack interpretability and explicit 3D reasoning, while modular systems ignore cross-component interdependencies and synergies. To bridge this gap, we propose the Dynamic 3D…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Zihan Wang , Seungjun Lee , Guangzhao Dai , Gim Hee Lee

A core challenge in AI-guided autonomy is enabling agents to navigate realistically and effectively in previously unseen environments based on natural language commands. We propose UAV-VLN, a novel end-to-end Vision-Language Navigation…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Pranav Saxena , Nishant Raghuvanshi , Neena Goveas

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have recently shown remarkable progress in multimodal reasoning, yet their applications in autonomous driving remain limited. In particular, the ability to understand road topology, a key requirement for safe…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xin Chen , Jia He , Maozheng Li , Dongliang Xu , Tianyu Wang , Yixiao Chen , Zhixin Lin , Yue Yao

Vision-and-Language Navigation (VLN) has long been constrained by the limited diversity and scalability of simulator-curated datasets, which fail to capture the complexity of real-world environments. To overcome this limitation, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Mingfei Han , Haihong Hao , Liang Ma , Kamila Zhumakhanova , Ekaterina Radionova , Jingyi Zhang , Xiaojun Chang , Xiaodan Liang , Ivan Laptev