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Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) is the task of retrieving a target image from a gallery using a composed query consisting of a reference image and a modification text. Among various CIR approaches, training-free zero-shot methods based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Jeong-Woo Park , Seong-Whan Lee

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) is a challenging multimodal task that retrieves a target image based on a reference image and accompanying modification text. Due to the high cost of annotating CIR triplet datasets, zero-shot (ZS) CIR has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Yabing Wang , Zhuotao Tian , Qingpei Guo , Zheng Qin , Sanping Zhou , Ming Yang , Le Wang

The composed image retrieval (CIR) task aims to retrieve the desired target image for a given multimodal query, i.e., a reference image with its corresponding modification text. The key limitations encountered by existing efforts are two…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Haokun Wen , Xuemeng Song , Jianhua Yin , Jianlong Wu , Weili Guan , Liqiang Nie

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) uses a reference image and a modification text as a query to retrieve a target image satisfying the requirement of ``modifying the reference image according to the text instructions''. However, existing CIR…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Guozhi Qiu , Zhiwei Chen , Zixu Li , Qinlei Huang , Zhiheng Fu , Xuemeng Song , Yupeng Hu

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) uses a reference image plus a natural-language edit to retrieve images that apply the requested change while preserving other relevant visual content. Classic fusion pipelines typically rely on supervised…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Guoyizhe Wei , Yang Jiao , Nan Xi , Zhishen Huang , Jingjing Meng , Rama Chellappa , Yan Gao

The Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) task aims to retrieve target images using a composed query consisting of a reference image and a modified text. Advanced methods often utilize contrastive learning as the optimization objective, which…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Zhangchi Feng , Richong Zhang , Zhijie Nie

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) has made significant progress, yet current benchmarks are limited to single ground-truth answers and lack the annotations needed to evaluate false positive avoidance, robustness and multi-image reasoning. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Rohan Mahadev , Joyce Yuan , Patrick Poirson , David Xue , Hao-Yu Wu , Dmitry Kislyuk

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) retrieves target images using a reference image paired with modification text. Despite rapid advances, all existing methods and datasets operate at the image level -- a single reference image plus modification…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Peng Yuan , Bingyin Mei , Hui Zhang

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) represents a novel retrieval paradigm that is capable of expressing users' intricate retrieval requirements flexibly. It enables the user to give a multimodal query, comprising a reference image and a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Zhiwei Chen , Yupeng Hu , Zixu Li , Zhiheng Fu , Xuemeng Song , Liqiang Nie

Composed image retrieval aims to find an image that best matches a given multi-modal user query consisting of a reference image and text pair. Existing methods commonly pre-compute image embeddings over the entire corpus and compare these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Zheyuan Liu , Weixuan Sun , Damien Teney , Stephen Gould

Retrieval is being redefined by agentic AI, demanding multimodal reasoning beyond conventional similarity-based paradigms. Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) exemplifies this shift as each query combines a reference image with textual…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Zhongyu Yang , Wei Pang , Yingfang Yuan

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) is a challenging task that aims to retrieve the target image with a multimodal query, i.e., a reference image, and its complementary modification text. As previous supervised or zero-shot learning paradigms…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-13 Bohan Hou , Haoqiang Lin , Haokun Wen , Meng Liu , Mingzhu Xu , Xuemeng Song

Composed image retrieval searches for a target image based on a multi-modal user query comprised of a reference image and modification text describing the desired changes. Existing approaches to solving this challenging task learn a mapping…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Zheyuan Liu , Weixuan Sun , Yicong Hong , Damien Teney , Stephen Gould

Composed Image Retrieval (CIR), which aims to find a target image from a reference image and a modification text, presents the core challenge of performing unified reasoning across visual and semantic modalities. While current approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Weihuang Lin , Yiwei Ma , Jiayi Ji , Xiaoshuai Sun , Rongrong Ji

Existing information retrieval (IR) models often assume a homogeneous format, limiting their applicability to diverse user needs, such as searching for images with text descriptions, searching for a news article with a headline image, or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-30 Cong Wei , Yang Chen , Haonan Chen , Hexiang Hu , Ge Zhang , Jie Fu , Alan Ritter , Wenhu Chen

Composed image retrieval (CIR), which formulates the query as a combination of a reference image and modified text, has emerged as a new form of image search due to its enhanced ability to capture user intent. However, training a CIR model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Ren-Di Wu , Yu-Yen Lin , Huei-Fang Yang

Image retrieval with hybrid-modality queries, also known as composing text and image for image retrieval (CTI-IR), is a retrieval task where the search intention is expressed in a more complex query format, involving both vision and text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Yida Zhao , Yuqing Song , Qin Jin

Composed image retrieval (CIR) allows a user to locate a target image by applying a fine-grained textual edit (e.g., ``turn the dress blue'' or ``remove stripes'') to a reference image. Zero-shot CIR, which embeds the image and the text…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Santhosh Kakarla , Gautama Shastry Bulusu Venkata

Retrieving fine-grained visual content based on user intent remains a challenge in multi-modal systems. Although current Composed Image Retrieval (CIR) methods combine reference images with retrieval texts, they are constrained to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Tong Wang , Guanyu Yang , Nian Liu , Zongyan Han , Jinxing Zhou , Salman Khan , Fahad Shahbaz Khan

Content-Based Image Retrieval (CIR) aims to search for a target image by concurrently comprehending the composition of an example image and a complementary text, which potentially impacts a wide variety of real-world applications, such as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Wenqiao Zhang , Jiannan Guo , Mengze Li , Haochen Shi , Shengyu Zhang , Juncheng Li , Siliang Tang , Yueting Zhuang