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Scaling Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models on large-scale data offers a promising path to achieving a more generalized driving intelligence. However, VLA models are limited by a ``supervision deficit'': the vast model capacity is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Yingyan Li , Shuyao Shang , Weisong Liu , Bing Zhan , Haochen Wang , Yuqi Wang , Yuntao Chen , Xiaoman Wang , Yasong An , Chufeng Tang , Lu Hou , Lue Fan , Zhaoxiang Zhang

End-to-end autonomous driving systems are increasingly integrating Vision-Language Model (VLM) architectures, incorporating text reasoning or visual reasoning to enhance the robustness and accuracy of driving decisions. However, the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Lingjun Zhang , Changjie Wu , Linzhe Shi , Jiangyang Li , Jiaxin Liu , Lei Yang , Hang Zhang , Mu Xu , Hong Wang

Diffusion models have demonstrated exceptional visual quality in video generation, making them promising for autonomous driving world modeling. However, existing video diffusion-based world models struggle with flexible-length, long-horizon…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Kaiwen Zhang , Zhenyu Tang , Xiaotao Hu , Xingang Pan , Xiaoyang Guo , Yuan Liu , Jingwei Huang , Li Yuan , Qian Zhang , Xiao-Xiao Long , Xun Cao , Wei Yin

Generalization is a central challenge in autonomous driving, as real-world deployment requires robust performance under unseen scenarios, sensor domains, and environmental conditions. Recent world-model-based planning methods have shown…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Mengmeng Liu , Diankun Zhang , Jiuming Liu , Jianfeng Cui , Hongwei Xie , Guang Chen , Hangjun Ye , Michael Ying Yang , Francesco Nex , Hao Cheng

Large vision-language models (VLMs) have garnered increasing interest in autonomous driving areas, due to their advanced capabilities in complex reasoning tasks essential for highly autonomous vehicle behavior. Despite their potential,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Ming Nie , Renyuan Peng , Chunwei Wang , Xinyue Cai , Jianhua Han , Hang Xu , Li Zhang

Autonomous driving requires reliable perception and safe decision-making in complex scenarios. Recent vision-language models (VLMs) demonstrate reasoning and generalization abilities, opening new possibilities for autonomous driving;…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zecong Tang , Zixu Wang , Yifei Wang , Weitong Lian , Tianjian Gao , Haoran Li , Tengju Ru , Lingyi Meng , Zhejun Cui , Yichen Zhu , Qi Kang , Kaixuan Wang , Yu Zhang

Existing latent world models for autonomous driving have opened a promising path toward future-aware driving intelligence. However, they typically treat future latent states as prediction targets or auxiliary signals, rather than directly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yufeng Hong , Xiaotian Zhou , Yingyan Li , Xiangpo Zhou , Lin Liu , Yadan Luo , Shaoqing Xu , Lei Yang , Ziying Song

Recent breakthroughs in autonomous driving have been propelled by advances in robust world modeling, fundamentally transforming how vehicles interpret dynamic scenes and execute safe decision-making. World models have emerged as a linchpin…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Tuo Feng , Wenguan Wang , Yi Yang

End-to-end autonomous driving provides a feasible way to automatically maximize overall driving system performance by directly mapping the raw pixels from a front-facing camera to control signals. Recent advanced methods construct a latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zeyu Gao , Yao Mu , Chen Chen , Jingliang Duan , Shengbo Eben Li , Ping Luo , Yanfeng Lu

Autonomous driving heavily relies on accurate and robust spatial perception. Many failures arise from inaccuracies and instability, especially in long-tail scenarios and complex interactions. However, current vision-language models are weak…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jianhua Han , Meng Tian , Jiangtong Zhu , Fan He , Huixin Zhang , Sitong Guo , Dechang Zhu , Hao Tang , Pei Xu , Yuze Guo , Minzhe Niu , Haojie Zhu , Qichao Dong , Xuechao Yan , Siyuan Dong , Lu Hou , Qingqiu Huang , Xiaosong Jia , Hang Xu

End-to-end autonomous driving aims to generate safe and plausible planning policies from raw sensor input. Driving world models have shown great potential in learning rich representations by predicting the future evolution of a driving…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Xingtai Gui , Meijie Zhang , Tianyi Yan , Wencheng Han , Jiahao Gong , Feiyang Tan , Cheng-zhong Xu , Jianbing Shen

End-to-end autonomous driving models based on Vision-Language-Action (VLA) architectures have shown promising results by learning driving policies through behavior cloning on expert demonstrations. However, imitation learning inherently…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Zihao Sheng , Xin Ye , Jingru Luo , Sikai Chen , Liu Ren

Conventional end-to-end (E2E) driving models are effective at generating physically plausible trajectories, but often fail to generalize to long-tail scenarios due to the lack of essential world knowledge to understand and reason about…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Yu Gao , Anqing Jiang , Yiru Wang , Wang Jijun , Hao Jiang , Zhigang Sun , Heng Yuwen , Wang Shuo , Hao Zhao , Sun Hao

End-to-End (E2E) planning has become a powerful paradigm for autonomous driving, yet current systems remain fundamentally uncertainty-blind. They assume perception outputs are fully reliable, even in ambiguous or poorly observed scenes,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Wonjeong Ryu , Seungjun Yu , Seokha Moon , Hojun Choi , Junsung Park , Jinkyu Kim , Hyunjung Shim

VLA models have shown promising potential in embodied navigation by unifying perception and planning while inheriting the strong generalization abilities of large VLMs. However, most existing VLA models rely on reactive mappings directly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Shaoan Wang , Yuanfei Luo , Xingyu Chen , Aocheng Luo , Dongyue Li , Chang Liu , Sheng Chen , Yangang Zhang , Junzhi Yu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising framework for end-to-end autonomous driving. However, existing VLAs typically rely on sparse action supervision, which underutilizes their powerful scene understanding and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Xiaodong Mei , Diankun Zhang , Hongwei Xie , Guang Chen , Hangjun Ye , Dan Xu

World models have become central to autonomous driving, where accurate scene understanding and future prediction are crucial for safe control. Recent work has explored using vision-language models (VLMs) for planning, yet existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhexiao Xiong , Xin Ye , Burhan Yaman , Sheng Cheng , Yiren Lu , Jingru Luo , Nathan Jacobs , Liu Ren

Due to the powerful vision-language reasoning and generalization abilities, multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have garnered significant attention in the field of end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving. However, their application to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Xueyi Liu , Zuodong Zhong , Yuxin Guo , Yun-Fu Liu , Zhiguo Su , Qichao Zhang , Junli Wang , Yinfeng Gao , Yupeng Zheng , Qiao Lin , Huiyong Chen , Dongbin Zhao

Vision-language models (VLMs) are increasingly being adopted for end-to-end autonomous driving systems due to their exceptional performance in handling long-tail scenarios. However, current VLM-based approaches suffer from two major…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yuqi Ye , Zijian Zhang , Junhong Lin , Shangkun Sun , Changhao Peng , Wei Gao

Conventional end-to-end autonomous driving methods often rely on explicit global scene representations, which typically consist of 3D object detection, online mapping, and motion prediction. In contrast, human drivers selectively attend to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Ruiqi Song , Xianda Guo , Yanlun Peng , Qinggong Wei , Hangbin Wu , Long Chen
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