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Retrieving targeted pathways in biological knowledge bases, particularly when incorporating wet-lab experimental data, remains a challenging task and often requires downstream analyses and specialized expertise. In this paper, we frame this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Rikuto Kotoge , Ziwei Yang , Zheng Chen , Yushun Dong , Yasuko Matsubara , Jimeng Sun , Yasushi Sakurai

Scientific hypothesis generation is a critical bottleneck in accelerating research, yet existing datasets for training and evaluating hypothesis-generating models are limited to single domains and lack explicit reasoning traces connecting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Andrew Bouras , OMS-II Research Fellow

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently achieved impressive performance in math and reasoning benchmarks. However, they often struggle with logic problems and puzzles that are relatively easy for humans. To further investigate this, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Nasim Borazjanizadeh , Roei Herzig , Trevor Darrell , Rogerio Feris , Leonid Karlinsky

Scientific research is being reshaped by AI systems that move beyond isolated assistance toward longer-horizon workflows spanning literature grounding, hypothesis generation, experimentation, validation, reporting, and revision. This shift…

The rapid growth of scientific literature calls for automated methods to assess and predict research impact. Prior work has largely focused on citation-based metrics, leaving limited evaluation of models' capability to reason about other…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Hangxiao Zhu , Yuyu Zhang , Ping Nie , Yu Zhang

Scientific and technological frontiers advance through punctuated dynamics, yet the principles governing these dynamics remain poorly understood. Here we collect and analyze datasets tracking the evolution of frontiers across 9 different…

Physics and Society · Physics 2026-05-19 Yian Yin , Dashun Wang

Scientists and inventors set the direction of their work amidst an evolving landscape of questions, opportunities, and challenges. This paper introduces a measurement framework to quantify how far researchers move from their existing…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2024-08-26 Ryan Hill , Yian Yin , Carolyn Stein , Xizhao Wang , Dashun Wang , Benjamin F. Jones

Scientific talks are a growing medium for disseminating research, and automatically identifying relevant literature that grounds or enriches a talk would be highly valuable for researchers and students alike. We introduce Reference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Frederik Broy , Maike Züfle , Jan Niehues

Scientific literature is growing exponentially, creating a critical bottleneck for researchers to efficiently synthesize knowledge. While general-purpose Large Language Models (LLMs) show potential in text processing, they often fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Fengyu She , Nan Wang , Hongfei Wu , Ziyi Wan , Jingmian Wang , Chang Wang

One of the grand challenges of artificial general intelligence is developing agents capable of conducting scientific research and discovering new knowledge. While frontier models have already been used as aides to human scientists, e.g. for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Chris Lu , Cong Lu , Robert Tjarko Lange , Jakob Foerster , Jeff Clune , David Ha

Generalisability and transportability of clinical prediction models (CPMs) refer to their ability to maintain predictive performance when applied to new populations. While CPMs may show good generalisability or transportability to a…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-12-06 Kritchavat Ploddi , Matthew Sperrin , Glen P. Martin , Maurice M. O'Connell

Autonomous scientific research is significantly advanced thanks to the development of AI agents. One key step in this process is finding the right scientific literature, whether to explore existing knowledge for a research problem, or to…

Perceiving and autonomously navigating through work zones is a challenging and underexplored problem. Open datasets for this long-tailed scenario are scarce. We propose the ROADWork dataset to learn to recognize, observe, analyze, and drive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Anurag Ghosh , Shen Zheng , Robert Tamburo , Khiem Vuong , Juan Alvarez-Padilla , Hailiang Zhu , Michael Cardei , Nicholas Dunn , Christoph Mertz , Srinivasa G. Narasimhan

AI agents have seen widespread adoption in information retrieval for scientific research, giving rise to tools such as Deep Research. However, existing retrieval agents mainly rely on keyword- or embedding-based methods. While effective at…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Chenyang Shao , Fengli Xu , Yong Li

Causal inference is central to scientific discovery, yet choosing appropriate methods remains challenging because of the complexity of both statistical methodology and real-world data. Inspired by the success of artificial intelligence in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Can Wang , Hongyu Zhao , Yiqun Chen

Existing benchmarks for frontier models often test specialized, "PhD-level" knowledge that is difficult for non-experts to grasp. In contrast, we present a benchmark with 613 problems based on the NPR Sunday Puzzle Challenge that requires…

The field of AI research is advancing at an unprecedented pace, enabling automated hypothesis generation and experimental design across diverse domains such as biology, mathematics, and artificial intelligence. Despite these advancements,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Yaowenqi Liu , Bingxu Meng , Rui Pan , Yuxing Liu , Jerry Huang , Jiaxuan You , Tong Zhang

Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) drive interest in scientific applications, necessitating specialized benchmarks such as Earth science. Existing benchmarks either present a general science focus devoid of Earth science…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Wanghan Xu , Xiangyu Zhao , Yuhao Zhou , Xiaoyu Yue , Ben Fei , Fenghua Ling , Wenlong Zhang , Lei Bai

This research introduces a comprehensive system based on state-of-the-art natural language processing, semantic embedding, and efficient search techniques for retrieving similarities and thus generating actionable insights from raw textual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Phoebe Koundouri , Conrad Landis , Georgios Feretzakis

Scientific knowledge discovery increasingly relies on large language models, yet many existing scholarly assistants depend on proprietary systems with tens or hundreds of billions of parameters. Such reliance limits reproducibility and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Florian Kelber , Matthias Jobst , Yuni Susanti , Michael Färber