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Conversational query rewriting is crucial for effective conversational search, yet traditional supervised methods require substantial labeled data, which is scarce in low-resource settings. This paper introduces Prompt-Guided In-Context…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Raymond Wilson , Chase Carter , Cole Graham

Large language models (LLMs) have been widely explored for embedding generation. While recent studies show that in-context learning (ICL) effectively enhances the representational capability of LLMs by prepending a few task-related…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ailiang Lin , Zhuoyun Li , Keyu Mao , Kotaro Funakoshi , Manabu Okumura

The ability to segment objects based on open-ended language prompts remains a critical challenge, requiring models to ground textual semantics into precise spatial masks while handling diverse and unseen categories. We present OpenWorldSAM,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Shiting Xiao , Rishabh Kabra , Yuhang Li , Donghyun Lee , Joao Carreira , Priyadarshini Panda

Self-attention and position embedding are two key modules in transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs). However, the potential relationship between them is far from well studied, especially for long context window extending. In fact,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Shiyi Zhu , Jing Ye , Wei Jiang , Siqiao Xue , Qi Zhang , Yifan Wu , Jianguo Li

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities in learning from explanations in prompts, but there has been limited understanding of exactly how these explanations function or why they are effective. This work aims to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-14 Xi Ye , Srinivasan Iyer , Asli Celikyilmaz , Ves Stoyanov , Greg Durrett , Ramakanth Pasunuru

Long Context Understanding (LCU) is a critical area for exploration in current large language models (LLMs). However, due to the inherently lengthy nature of long-text data, existing LCU benchmarks for LLMs often result in prohibitively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Zhongzhan Huang , Guoming Ling , Shanshan Zhong , Hefeng Wu , Liang Lin

Handling long input contexts remains a significant challenge for Large Language Models (LLMs), particularly in resource-constrained environments such as mobile devices. Our work aims to address this limitation by introducing InfiniPot, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-04 Minsoo Kim , Kyuhong Shim , Jungwook Choi , Simyung Chang

Large language models (LLMs) have been well-researched in various long-context tasks. However, the scarcity of long-context summarization datasets hinders progress in this area. To address this, we introduce CNNSum, a multi-scale…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Lingxiao Wei , He Yan , Xiangju Lu , Junmin Zhu , Jun Wang , Wei Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional abilities across a broad range of language-related tasks, including generating solutions to complex reasoning problems. An effective technique to enhance LLM performance is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Shuzhang Cai , Twumasi Mensah-Boateng , Xander Kuksov , Jing Yuan , Shaojie Tang

Long-context modeling is one of the critical capabilities of language AI for digesting and reasoning over complex information pieces. In practice, long-context capabilities are typically built into a pre-trained language model~(LM) through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Luyu Gao , Yunyi Zhang , Jamie Callan

In order for large language models to achieve true conversational continuity and benefit from experiential learning, they need memory. While research has focused on the development of complex memory systems, it remains unclear which types…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Alessandra Terranova , Björn Ross , Alexandra Birch

Current benchmarks like Needle-in-a-Haystack (NIAH), Ruler, and Needlebench focus on models' ability to understand long-context input sequences but fail to capture a critical dimension: the generation of high-quality long-form text.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Yuhao Wu , Ming Shan Hee , Zhiqing Hu , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

One of the key challenges in Transformer architectures is the quadratic complexity of the attention mechanism, which limits the efficient processing of long sequences. Many recent research works have attempted to provide a reduction from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kaleel Mahmood , Shaoyi Huang

Modern neural speech models benefit from having longer context, and many approaches have been proposed to increase the maximum context a model can use. However, few have attempted to measure how much context these models actually use, i.e.,…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yen Meng , Sharon Goldwater , Hao Tang

Existing continual learning (CL) methods mainly rely on fine-tuning or adapting large language models (LLMs). They still suffer from catastrophic forgetting (CF). Little work has been done to exploit in-context learning (ICL) to leverage…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Saleh Momeni , Sahisnu Mazumder , Zixuan Ke , Bing Liu

We study allowing large language models (LLMs) to process arbitrarily long prompts through the lens of inference-time scaling. We propose Recursive Language Models (RLMs), a general inference paradigm that treats long prompts as part of an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Alex L. Zhang , Tim Kraska , Omar Khattab

Long context fine-tuning of large language models(LLMs) involves training on datasets that are predominantly composed of short sequences and a small proportion of longer sequences. However, existing approaches overlook this long-tail…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Xiulong Yuan , Hongtao Xu , Wenting Shen , Ang Wang , Xiafei Qiu , Jie Zhang , Yuqiong Liu , Bowen Yu , Junyang Lin , Mingzhen Li , Weile Jia , Yong Li , Wei Lin

When adapting large language models (LLMs) to a specific downstream task, two primary approaches are commonly employed: (1) prompt engineering, often with in-context few-shot learning, leveraging the model's inherent generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Jorg Bornschein , Clare Lyle , Yazhe Li , Amal Rannen-Triki , Xu Owen He , Razvan Pascanu

Progress on training and architecture strategies has enabled LLMs with millions of tokens in context length. However, empirical evidence suggests that such long-context LLMs can consume far more text than they can reliably use. On the other…

Large language models (LLMs) can be used as accessible and intelligent chatbots by constructing natural language queries and directly inputting the prompt into the large language model. However, different prompt' constructions often lead to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Jinta Weng , Jiarui Zhang , Yue Hu , Daidong Fa , Xiaofeng Xuand , Heyan Huang