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Table reasoning with large language models (LLMs) plays a critical role in building intelligent systems capable of understanding and analyzing tabular data. Despite recent progress, existing methods still face key limitations: their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Huajian Zhang , Mingyue Cheng , Yucong Luo , Xiaoyu Tao

While Large Language Models (LLMs) provide semantic flexibility for robotic task planning, their susceptibility to hallucination and logical inconsistency limits their reliability in long-horizon domains. To bridge the gap between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Keru Hua , Ding Wang , Yaoying Gu , Xiaoguang Ma

Reasoning over table images remains challenging for Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) due to complex layouts and tightly coupled structure-content information. Existing solutions often depend on expensive supervised training,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yingjie Zhu , Xuefeng Bai , Kehai Chen , Yang Xiang , Youcheng Pan , Xiaoqiang Zhou , Min Zhang

Unlike autoregressive models, which generate tokens sequentially and benefit from reasoning-before-answering strategies such as Chain-of-Thought, Masked Diffusion Language Models (MDLMs) refine all sequence positions simultaneously, raising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jacob Devasier

Leveraging the in-context learning (ICL) capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) for tabular classification has gained significant attention for its training-free adaptability across diverse datasets. Recent advancements, like TabPFN,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yuchen Zeng , Tuan Dinh , Wonjun Kang , Andreas C Mueller

Fine-tuning LLMs for classification typically maps inputs directly to labels. We ask whether attaching brief explanations to each label during fine-tuning yields better models. We evaluate conversational response quality along three axes:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Vivswan Shah , Randy Cogill , Hanwei Yue , Gopinath Chennupati , Rinat Khaziev

Explanation-guided learning (EGL) has shown promise in aligning model predictions with interpretable reasoning, particularly in computer vision tasks. However, most approaches rely on external annotations or heuristic-based segmentation to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Dongsheng Hong , Chao Chen , Yanhui Chen , Shanshan Lin , Zhihao Chen , Xiangwen Liao

LLMs often underperform on complex reasoning tasks when relying on a single generation-and-selection pipeline. Inference-time ensemble methods can improve performance by sampling diverse reasoning paths or aggregating multiple candidate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Tong Zhu , Baiting Chen , Jin Zhou , Hua Zhou , Sriram Sankararaman , Xiaowu Dai

The table reasoning task aims to answer the question according to the given table. Currently, using Large Language Models (LLMs) is the predominant method for table reasoning. Most existing methods employ a fixed tabular format to represent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Xuanliang Zhang , Dingzirui Wang , Longxu Dou , Baoxin Wang , Dayong Wu , Qingfu Zhu , Wanxiang Che

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) have shown strong potential for text generation and are becoming a competitive alternative to autoregressive models. The denoising strategy plays an important role in determining the quality of their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Haojin Yang , Rui Hu , Zequn Sun , Rui Zhou , Yujun Cai , Yiwei Wang

While large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in the table question answering (TQA) task through prompt engineering, they face challenges in industrial applications, including structural heterogeneity, difficulties in target data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sishi Xiong , Ziyang He , Zhongjiang He , Yu Zhao , Changzai Pan , Jie Zhang , Zhenhe Wu , Shuangyong Song , Yongxiang Li

Tables serve as a fundamental format for representing structured relational data. While current language models (LMs) excel at many text-based tasks, they still face challenges in table understanding due to the complex characteristics of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Lang Cao , Hanbing Liu

Multimodal reasoning has emerged as a powerful framework for enhancing reasoning capabilities of reasoning models. While multi-turn table reasoning methods have improved reasoning accuracy through tool use and reward modeling, they rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Tung Sum Thomas Kwok , Xinyu Wang , Xiaofeng Lin , Peng Lu , Chunhe Wang , Changlun Li , Hanwei Wu , Nan Tang , Elisa Kreiss , Guang Cheng

Masked diffusion language models (MDLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to dominant autoregressive approaches. Although they achieve competitive performance on several tasks, a substantial gap remains in open-ended text generation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Mengyu Ye , Ryosuke Takahashi , Keito Kudo , Jun Suzuki

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across diverse tasks, yet their ability to perform structured symbolic planning remains limited, particularly in domains requiring formal representations like the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Pulkit Verma , Ngoc La , Anthony Favier , Swaroop Mishra , Julie A. Shah

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited impressive reasoning abilities on a wide range of complex tasks. However, enhancing these capabilities through post-training remains resource intensive, particularly in terms of data and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Shuo Cai , Su Lu , Qi Zhou , Kejing Yang , Zhijie Sang , Congkai Xie , Hongxia Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown to be capable of various tasks, yet their capability in interpreting and reasoning over tabular data remains an underexplored area. In this context, this study investigates from three core…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Tianyang Liu , Fei Wang , Muhao Chen

Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) offer a compelling alternative to Auto-Regressive models, but their deployment is constrained by high decoding cost. In this work, we identify a key inefficiency in DLLM decoding: while computation is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-02 Kaihua Liang , Xin Tan , An Zhong , Hong Xu , Marco Canini

Table reasoning, including tabular QA and fact verification, often depends on annotated data or complex data augmentation, limiting flexibility and generalization. LLMs, despite their versatility, often underperform compared to simple…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Yiran Rex Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) often do not perform well on queries that require the aggregation of information across texts. To better evaluate this setting and facilitate modeling efforts, we introduce TACT - Text And Calculations through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Avi Caciularu , Alon Jacovi , Eyal Ben-David , Sasha Goldshtein , Tal Schuster , Jonathan Herzig , Gal Elidan , Amir Globerson