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This work develops novel strategies for optimal planning with semantic observations using continuous state partially observable markov decision processes (CPOMDPs). Two major innovations are presented in relation to Gaussian mixture (GM)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-08-09 Luke Burks , Ian Loefgren , Nisar Ahmed

Partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) model specific environments in sequential decision-making under uncertainty. Critically, optimal policies for POMDPs may not be robust against perturbations in the environment.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Maris F. L. Galesloot , Roman Andriushchenko , Milan Češka , Sebastian Junges , Nils Jansen

A central task in control theory, artificial intelligence, and formal methods is to synthesize reward-maximizing strategies for agents that operate in partially unknown environments. In environments modeled by gray-box Markov decision…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Christel Baier , Clemens Dubslaff , Patrick Wienhöft , Stefan J. Kiebel

We introduce a tool for rigorous and automated verification of large language model (LLM)- based policies in memoryless sequential decision-making tasks. Given a Markov decision process (MDP) representing the sequential decision-making…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Dennis Gross , Helge Spieker , Arnaud Gotlieb

The Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) provides a principled framework for decision making in stochastic partially observable environments. However, computing good solutions for problems with continuous action spaces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Marcus Hoerger , Hanna Kurniawati , Dirk Kroese , Nan Ye

Penetration Testing is a methodology for assessing network security, by generating and executing possible attacks. Doing so automatically allows for regular and systematic testing without a prohibitive amount of human labor. A key question…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-06-21 Carlos Sarraute , Olivier Buffet , Joerg Hoffmann

Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs) are a fundamental framework for decision-making under uncertainty and partial observability. Since in general optimal policies may require infinite memory, they are hard to implement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Muqsit Azeem , Debraj Chakraborty , Sudeep Kanav , Jan Kretinsky

Constrained partially observable Markov decision processes (CPOMDPs) have been used to model various real-world phenomena. However, they are notoriously difficult to solve to optimality, and there exist only a few approximation methods for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Robert K. Helmeczi , Can Kavaklioglu , Mucahit Cevik

This paper studies the synthesis of a joint control and active perception policy for a stochastic system modeled as a partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP), subject to temporal logic specifications. The POMDP actions…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-21 Chongyang Shi , Michael R. Dorothy , Jie Fu

We consider the problem of minimizing a certainty equivalent of the total or discounted cost over a finite and an infinite time horizon which is generated by a Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP). The certainty equivalent…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-07-21 Nicole Bäuerle , Ulrich Rieder

Markov decision processes (MDPs) are a canonical model to reason about decision making within a stochastic environment. We study a fundamental class of infinite MDPs: one-counter MDPs (OC-MDPs). They extend finite MDPs via an associated…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Michal Ajdarów , James C. A. Main , Petr Novotný , Mickael Randour

Civil and maritime engineering systems, among others, from bridges to offshore platforms and wind turbines, must be efficiently managed as they are exposed to deterioration mechanisms throughout their operational life, such as fatigue or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-11-30 P. G. Morato , K. G. Papakonstantinou , C. P. Andriotis , J. S. Nielsen , P. Rigo

Much of reinforcement learning theory is built on top of oracles that are computationally hard to implement. Specifically for learning near-optimal policies in Partially Observable Markov Decision Processes (POMDPs), existing algorithms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Noah Golowich , Ankur Moitra , Dhruv Rohatgi

Most exact algorithms for general partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) use a form of dynamic programming in which a piecewise-linear and convex representation of one value function is transformed into another. We examine…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-08 Anthony R. Cassandra , Michael L. Littman , Nevin Lianwen Zhang

Training large language models (LLMs) with synthetic reasoning data has become a popular approach to enhancing their reasoning capabilities, while a key factor influencing the effectiveness of this paradigm is the quality of the generated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zhuojie Yang , Wentao Wan , Keze Wang

We consider a class of partially observable Markov decision processes (POMDPs) with uncertain transition and/or observation probabilities. The uncertainty takes the form of probability intervals. Such uncertain POMDPs can be used, for…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2018-07-12 Mohamadreza Ahmadi , Murat Cubuktepe , Nils Jansen , Ufuk Topcu

Penetration Testing is a methodology for assessing network security, by generating and executing possible hacking attacks. Doing so automatically allows for regular and systematic testing. A key question is how to generate the attacks. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-07-31 Carlos Sarraute , Olivier Buffet , Joerg Hoffmann

The partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) provides a principled general framework for planning under uncertainty, but solving POMDPs optimally is computationally intractable, due to the "curse of dimensionality" and the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-09-20 Nan Ye , Adhiraj Somani , David Hsu , Wee Sun Lee

Markov decision processes (MDPs) provide a fundamental model for sequential decision making under process uncertainty. A classical synthesis task is to compute for a given MDP a winning policy that achieves a desired specification. However,…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-07-18 Roman Andriushchenko , Milan Češka , Sebastian Junges , Filip Macák

The partially observable Markov decision process (POMDP) provides a principled general model for planning under uncertainty. However, solving a general POMDP is computationally intractable in the worst case. This paper introduces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2016-02-24 Min Chen , Emilio Frazzoli , David Hsu , Wee Sun Lee