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Precipitation remains one of the most challenging climate variables to observe and predict accurately. Existing datasets face intricate trade-offs: gauge observations are relatively trustworthy but sparse, satellites provide global coverage…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Sencan Sun , Congyi Nai , Baoxiang Pan , Wentao Li , Lu Li , Xin Li , Efi Foufoula-Georgiou , Yanluan Lin

Current global precipitation estimates from spaceborne precipitation radars are limited by their sensitivity to light and frozen precipitation, leading to systematic underestimation of precipitation at high latitudes. Because passive…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Simon Pfreundschuh , Christian D. Kummerow

As climate change drives increased frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation and flooding worldwide, posing escalating threats to public safety and economic assets, accurate and real-time satellite-based precipitation estimation is…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-12-18 Zijiang Song , Ting Liu , Lina Yuan , Yuying Li , Ao Xu , Xigang Sun , Ye Li , Feng Lu , Min Liu

Current merged precipitation products such as IMERG, GSMAP, and CMORPH combine satellite estimates from passive microwave (PMW) and infrared (IR) observations. However, the different information content of these sensors makes it challenging…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-05-11 Simon Pfreundschuh , Christian D. Kummerow , Jackson Tan , George J. Huffman

Accurate precipitation estimation is critical for hydrological applications, especially in the Global South where ground-based observation networks are sparse and forecasting skill is limited. Existing satellite-based precipitation products…

Knowing the actual precipitation in space and time is critical in hydrological modelling applications, yet the spatial coverage with rain gauge stations is limited due to economic constraints. Gridded satellite precipitation datasets offer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-04 Hristos Tyralis , Georgia Papacharalampous , Nikolaos Doulamis , Anastasios Doulamis

Climate change is increasing the frequency of extreme precipitation events, making weather disasters such as flooding and landslides more likely. The ability to accurately nowcast precipitation is therefore becoming more critical for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Daniel Seal , Rossella Arcucci , Salva Rühling-Cachay , César Quilodrán-Casas

Accurate and timely estimation of precipitation is critical for issuing hazard warnings (e.g., for flash floods or landslides). Current remotely sensed precipitation products have a few hours of latency, associated with the acquisition and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Mohammad Reza Ehsani , Ariyan Zarei , Hoshin V. Gupta , Kobus Barnard , Ali Behrangi

This paper presents an algorithm that relies on a series of dense and deep neural networks for passive microwave retrieval of precipitation. The neural networks learn from coincidences of brightness temperatures from the Global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-06 Reyhaneh Rahimi , Sajad Vahedizadeh , Ardeshir Ebtehaj

Accurate precipitation forecasting is crucial for early warnings of disasters, such as floods and landslides. Traditional forecasts rely on ground-based radar systems, which are space-constrained and have high maintenance costs.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Young-Jae Park , Doyi Kim , Minseok Seo , Hae-Gon Jeon , Yeji Choi

Accurate medium-range precipitation forecasting is crucial for hydrometeorological risk management and disaster mitigation, yet remains challenging for current numerical weather prediction (NWP) systems. Traditional ensemble systems such as…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-10-24 Tianyi Xiong , Haonan Chen

Improving the representation of precipitation in Earth system models (ESMs) is critical for assessing the impacts of climate change and especially of extreme events like floods and droughts. In existing ESMs, precipitation is not resolved…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Michael Aich , Sebastian Bathiany , Philipp Hess , Yu Huang , Niklas Boers

Gridded satellite precipitation datasets are useful in hydrological applications as they cover large regions with high density. However, they are not accurate in the sense that they do not agree with ground-based measurements. An…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-03-06 Georgia Papacharalampous , Hristos Tyralis , Anastasios Doulamis , Nikolaos Doulamis

Short-term (0-24 hours) precipitation forecasting is highly valuable to socioeconomic activities and public safety. However, the highly complex evolution patterns of precipitation events, the extreme imbalance between precipitation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shuangliang Li , Siwei Li , Li Li , Weijie Zou , Jie Yang , Maolin Zhang

This paper presents a deep learning architecture for nowcasting of precipitation almost globally every 30 min with a 4-hour lead time. The architecture fuses a U-Net and a convolutional long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network and is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Reyhaneh Rahimi , Praveen Ravirathinam , Ardeshir Ebtehaj , Ali Behrangi , Jackson Tan , Vipin Kumar

Several passive microwave satellites orbit the Earth and measure rainfall. These measurements have the advantage of almost full global coverage when compared to surface rain gauges. However, these satellites have low temporal revisit and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2013-04-12 Seyed Hamed Alemohammad , Dara Entekhabi

Regression algorithms are regularly used for improving the accuracy of satellite precipitation products. In this context, satellite precipitation and topography data are the predictor variables, and gauged-measured precipitation data are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Georgia Papacharalampous , Hristos Tyralis , Nikolaos Doulamis , Anastasios Doulamis

Incomplete satellite-based precipitation presents a significant challenge in global monitoring. For example, the Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) from JAXA suffers from substantial missing regions due to the orbital…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Daiko Kishikawa , Yuka Muto , Shunji Kotsuki

Accurate near-real-time precipitation retrieval has been enhanced by satellite-based technologies. However, infrared-based algorithms have low accuracy due to weak relations with surface precipitation, whereas passive microwave and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zheng Wang , Kai Ying , Bin Xu , Chunjiao Wang , Cong Bai

Monitoring changes of precipitation phase from space is important for understanding the mass balance of Earth's cryosphere in a changing climate. This paper examines a Bayesian nearest neighbor approach for prognostic detection of…

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