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Full-waveform inversion (FWI) estimates physical parameters in the wave equation from limited measurements and has been widely applied in geophysical exploration, medical imaging, and non-destructive testing. Conventional FWI methods are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Ruihua Chen , Yisi Luo , Bangyu Wu , Deyu Meng

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is an accurate imaging approach for modeling velocity structure by minimizing the misfit between recorded and predicted seismic waveforms. However, the strong non-linearity of FWI resulting from fitting…

Geophysics · Physics 2021-10-04 Weiqiang Zhu , Kailai Xu , Eric Darve , Biondo Biondi , Gregory C. Beroza

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK) has recently attracted intense study, as it describes the evolution of an over-parameterized Neural Network (NN) trained by gradient descent. However, it is now well-known that gradient descent is not always…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Lei Tan , Shutong Wu , Xiaolin Huang

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful tool for reconstructing material fields based on sparsely measured data obtained by wave propagation. For specific problems, discretizing the material field with a neural network (NN) improves the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-02 Divya Shyam Singh , Leon Herrmann , Qing Sun , Tim Bürchner , Felix Dietrich , Stefan Kollmannsberger

GPR full-waveform inversion optimizes the subsurface property model iteratively to match the entire waveform information. However, the model gradients derived from wavefield continuation often contain errors, such as ghost values and…

Full Waveform Inversion (FWI) is a successful and well-established inverse method for reconstructing material models from measured wave signals. In the field of seismic exploration, FWI has proven particularly successful in the…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Tim Bürchner , Philipp Kopp , Stefan Kollmannsberger , Ernst Rank

Full waveform inversion (FWI) is a high-resolution subsurface imaging technique, but its effectiveness is limited by challenges such as noise contamination, sparse acquisition, and artifacts from multiparameter coupling. To address these…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-06-24 Feng Liu , Yaxing Li , Rui Su , Jianping Huang , Lei Bai

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a method that utilizes seismic data to invert the physical parameters of subsurface media by minimizing the difference between simulated and observed waveforms. Due to its ill-posed nature, FWI is…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-02-18 Xintong Dong , Zhengyi Yuan , Jun Lin , Shiqi Dong , Xunqian Tong , Yue Li

Expressiveness and generalization of deep models was recently addressed via the connection between neural networks (NNs) and kernel learning, where first-order dynamics of NN during a gradient-descent (GD) optimization were related to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Dmitry Kopitkov , Vadim Indelman

Given the complexity of genetic risk prediction, there is a critical need for the development of novel methodologies that can effectively capture intricate genotype--phenotype relationships (e.g., nonlinear) while remaining statistically…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-03 Heng Ge , Qing Lu

Neural tangent kernels (NTKs) are a powerful tool for analyzing deep, non-linear neural networks. In the infinite-width limit, NTKs can easily be computed for most common architectures, yielding full analytic control over the training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Max Guillen , Philipp Misof , Jan E. Gerken

Full-Waveform Inversion seeks to achieve a high-resolution model of the subsurface through the application of multi-variate optimization to the seismic inverse problem. Although now a mature technology, FWI has limitations related to the…

Geophysics · Physics 2025-02-26 Christopher Zerafa , Pauline Galea , Cristiana Sebu

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a widely used technique in seismic processing to produce high resolution Earth models that fully explain the recorded seismic data. FWI is a local optimisation problem which aims to minimise in a…

Geophysics · Physics 2019-11-22 Christopher Zerafa , Pauline Galea , Cristiana Sebu

While deep learning has achieved remarkable success across a wide range of applications, its theoretical understanding of representation learning remains limited. Deep neural kernels provide a principled framework to interpret…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yong-Ming Tian , Shuang Liang , Shao-Qun Zhang , Feng-Lei Fan

The Neural Tangent Kernel (NTK), defined as $\Theta_\theta^f(x_1, x_2) = \left[\partial f(\theta, x_1)\big/\partial \theta\right] \left[\partial f(\theta, x_2)\big/\partial \theta\right]^T$ where $\left[\partial f(\theta,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Roman Novak , Jascha Sohl-Dickstein , Samuel S. Schoenholz

Full waveform inversion (FWI) commonly stands for the state-of-the-art approach for imaging subsurface structures and physical parameters, however, its implementation usually faces great challenges, such as building a good initial model to…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-04-05 Jian Sun , Kristopher Innanen

Neural tangent kernels (NTKs) provide a theoretical regime to analyze the learning and generalization behavior of over-parametrized neural networks. For a supervised learning task, the association between the eigenvectors of the NTK kernel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Shervin Khalafi , Saurabh Sihag , Alejandro Ribeiro

Full-waveform inversion (FWI) is a powerful geophysical imaging technique that infers high-resolution subsurface physical parameters by solving a non-convex optimization problem. However, due to limitations in observation, e.g., limited…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2023-11-09 Xiong-Bin Yan , Keke Wu , Zhi-Qin John Xu , Zheng Ma

We propose a way to favorably employ neural networks in the field of non-destructive testing using Full Waveform Inversion (FWI). The presented methodology discretizes the unknown material distribution in the domain with a neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Stefan Kollmannsberger , Divya Singh , Leon Herrmann

Seismic full-waveform inversion (FWI), which uses iterative methods to estimate high-resolution subsurface models from seismograms, is a powerful imaging technique in exploration geophysics. In recent years, the computational cost of FWI…

Geophysics · Physics 2023-11-28 Shihang Feng , Youzuo Lin , Brendt Wohlberg
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