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Recent advances in automatic speech recognition (ASR) have combined speech encoders with large language models (LLMs) through projection, forming Speech LLMs with strong performance. However, adapting them to new domains remains…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-24 Yangui Fang , Jing Peng , Xu Li , Yu Xi , Chengwei Zhang , Guohui Zhong , Kai Yu

The advent of Large Language Models (LLM) has reformed the Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR). Prompting LLM with audio embeddings to generate transcriptions becomes the new state-of-the-art ASR. Despite LLMs being trained with an extensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Yingyi Ma , Zhe Liu , Ozlem Kalinli

Conventional end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems rely on paired speech-text data for domain adaptation. Recent LLM-based ASR architectures connect a speech encoder to a large language model via a projection module,…

Adapting large language model (LLM)-based automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems to new domains using text-only data is a significant yet underexplored challenge. Standard fine-tuning of the LLM on the target domain text often disrupts…

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) models rely on high-quality transcribed data for effective training. Generating pseudo-labels for large unlabeled audio datasets often relies on complex pipelines that combine multiple ASR outputs through…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-06 Jeena Prakash , Blessingh Kumar , Kadri Hacioglu , Bidisha Sharma , Sindhuja Gopalan , Malolan Chetlur , Shankar Venkatesan , Andreas Stolcke

Automatic speech recognition (ASR) systems have achieved strong performance on general transcription tasks. However, they continue to struggle with recognizing rare named entities and adapting to domain mismatches. In contrast, large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Shaoshi Ling , Guoli Ye

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have found their use in numerous industrial applications in very diverse domains creating a need to adapt to new domains with small memory and deployment overhead. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Saket Dingliwal , Ashish Shenoy , Sravan Bodapati , Ankur Gandhe , Ravi Teja Gadde , Katrin Kirchhoff

The integration of Language Models (LMs) has proven to be an effective way to address domain shifts in speech recognition. However, these approaches usually require a significant amount of target domain text data for the training of LMs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Yuang Li , Yu Wu , Jinyu Li , Shujie Liu

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems have found their use in numerous industrial applications in very diverse domains. Since domain-specific systems perform better than their generic counterparts on in-domain evaluation, the need for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Saket Dingliwal , Ashish Shenoy , Sravan Bodapati , Ankur Gandhe , Ravi Teja Gadde , Katrin Kirchhoff

We develop a large language model (LLM) based automatic speech recognition (ASR) system that can be contextualized by providing keywords as prior information in text prompts. We adopt decoder-only architecture and use our in-house LLM,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-14 Kento Nozawa , Takashi Masuko , Toru Taniguchi

Language modeling (LM) for automatic speech recognition (ASR) does not usually incorporate utterance level contextual information. For some domains like voice assistants, however, additional context, such as the time at which an utterance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Richard Diehl Martinez , Scott Novotney , Ivan Bulyko , Ariya Rastrow , Andreas Stolcke , Ankur Gandhe

This paper explores the integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems to improve transcription accuracy. The increasing sophistication of LLMs, with their in-context learning capabilities and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zeping Min , Jinbo Wang

Mapping two modalities, speech and text, into a shared representation space, is a research topic of using text-only data to improve end-to-end automatic speech recognition (ASR) performance in new domains. However, the length of speech…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-10-10 Jiaxu Zhu , Weinan Tong , Yaoxun Xu , Changhe Song , Zhiyong Wu , Zhao You , Dan Su , Dong Yu , Helen Meng

While integrating speech encoder with LLM requires substantial data and resources, use cases face limitations due to insufficient availability. To address this, we propose a solution with a parameter-efficient adapter that converts speech…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Jaekwon Yoo , Kunal Chandiramani , Divya Tadimeti , Abenezer Girma , Chandra Dhir

Language models (LMs) have been commonly adopted to boost the performance of automatic speech recognition (ASR) particularly in domain adaptation tasks. Conventional way of LM training treats all the words in corpora equally, resulting in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-18 Yingyi Ma , Zhe Liu , Ozlem Kalinli

End-to-end automatic speech recognition (E2E ASR) systems have significantly improved speech recognition through training on extensive datasets. Despite these advancements, they still struggle to accurately recognize domain specific words,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Jiwon Suh , Injae Na , Woohwan Jung

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) models have achieved remarkable accuracy in general settings, yet their performance often degrades in domain-specific applications due to data mismatch and linguistic variability. This challenge is…

Spoken Language Models (SLMs) are increasingly central to modern speech-driven applications, but performance degrades under acoustic shift - real-world noise, reverberation, and microphone variation. Prior solutions rely on offline domain…

While Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) systems are widely used in many real-world applications, they often do not generalize well to new domains and need to be finetuned on data from these domains. However, target-domain data usually are…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-20 Hsuan Su , Ting-Yao Hu , Hema Swetha Koppula , Raviteja Vemulapalli , Jen-Hao Rick Chang , Karren Yang , Gautam Varma Mantena , Oncel Tuzel

LLM-based automatic speech recognition (ASR), a well-established approach, connects speech foundation models to large language models (LLMs) through a speech-to-LLM projector, yielding promising results. A common design choice in these…

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