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Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) reduces hallucinations and factual errors in large language models (LLMs) by conditioning generation on retrieved external knowledge. Recent search agents further cast RAG as an autonomous, multi-turn…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Jian Li , Yizhang Jin , Dongqi Liu , Hang Ding , Jiafu Wu , Dongsheng Chen , Yunhang Shen , Yulei Qin , Ying Tai , Chengjie Wang , Xiaotong Yuan , Yabiao Wang

Large Language Model (LLM)-based search agents have shown remarkable capabilities in solving complex tasks by dynamically decomposing problems and addressing them through interleaved reasoning and retrieval. However, this interleaved…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Tiannuo Yang , Zebin Yao , Bowen Jin , Lixiao Cui , Yusen Li , Gang Wang , Xiaoguang Liu

Drug discovery remains a formidable challenge: more than 90 percent of candidate molecules fail in clinical evaluation, and development costs often exceed one billion dollars per approved therapy. Disparate data streams, from genomics and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Kevin Song , Andrew Trotter , Jake Y. Chen

Large language model (LLM) agents have shown promising performance in generating code for solving complex data science problems. Recent studies primarily focus on enhancing in-context learning through improved search, sampling, and planning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-21 He Wang , Alexander Hanbo Li , Yiqun Hu , Sheng Zhang , Hideo Kobayashi , Jiani Zhang , Henry Zhu , Chung-Wei Hang , Patrick Ng

Search agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in tackling knowledge-intensive tasks. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for training these agents to perform…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Shiyu Li , Yang Tang , Yifan Wang , Peiming Li , Xi Chen

Agentic reasoning enables large reasoning models (LRMs) to dynamically acquire external knowledge, but yet optimizing the retrieval process remains challenging due to the lack of dense, principled reward signals. In this paper, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Senkang Hu , Yong Dai , Yuzhi Zhao , Yihang Tao , Yu Guo , Zhengru Fang , Sam Tak Wu Kwong , Yuguang Fang

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) is a milestone in generative artificial intelligence, achieving significant success in text comprehension and generation tasks. Despite the tremendous success of LLMs in many downstream tasks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 He Li , Haoang Chi , Mingyu Liu , Wenjing Yang

Employing Large Language Models (LLMs) for semantic parsing has achieved remarkable success. However, we find existing methods fall short in terms of reliability and efficiency when hallucinations are encountered. In this paper, we address…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Xiang Huang , Sitao Cheng , Shanshan Huang , Jiayu Shen , Yong Xu , Chaoyun Zhang , Yuzhong Qu

Aptamer researchers face a literature landscape scattered across publications, supplements, and databases, with each search consuming hours that could be spent at the bench. AptaFind transforms this navigation problem through a three-tier…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Geoffrey Taghon

Despite the many advances of Large Language Models (LLMs) and their unprecedented rapid evolution, their impact and integration into every facet of our daily lives is limited due to various reasons. One critical factor hindering their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yakir Yehuda , Itzik Malkiel , Oren Barkan , Jonathan Weill , Royi Ronen , Noam Koenigstein

Solving mathematical reasoning problems requires not only accurate access to relevant knowledge but also careful, multi-step thinking. However, current retrieval-augmented models often rely on a single perspective, follow inflexible search…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Ali Asgarov , Umid Suleymanov , Aadyant Khatri

Does a lexical retriever suffice as large language models (LLMs) become more capable in an agentic loop? This question naturally arises when building deep research systems. We revisit it by pairing BM25 with frontier LLMs that have better…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Tz-Huan Hsu , Jheng-Hong Yang , Jimmy Lin

This paper systematically addresses the challenges of rule retrieval, a crucial yet underexplored area. Vanilla retrieval methods using sparse or dense retrievers to directly search for relevant rules to support downstream reasoning, often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ziyang Huang , Wangtao Sun , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Agentic Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) and 'deep research' systems aim to enable autonomous search processes where Large Language Models (LLMs) iteratively refine outputs. However, applying these systems to domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Samy Ateia , Udo Kruschwitz

Literature search questions, such as "Where can I find research on the evaluation of consistency in generated summaries?" pose significant challenges for modern search engines and retrieval systems. These questions often require a deep…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Anirudh Ajith , Mengzhou Xia , Alexis Chevalier , Tanya Goyal , Danqi Chen , Tianyu Gao

LLM agents require retrieval to behave less like one-shot context fetching and more like reasoning: searching, reading, traversing, and deciding when evidence is sufficient. Yet current Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems organize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Haoliang Ming , Feifei Li , Xiaoqing Wu , Wenhui Que

AI agents augment large language models with external tools such as web retrieval, enabling grounded and up-to-date responses. However, incorporating external content into the generation pipeline can weaken the safety alignment mechanisms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Aditya Nawal , Manit Baser , Mohan Gurusamy

Gene set knowledge discovery is essential for advancing human functional genomics. Recent studies have shown promising performance by harnessing the power of Large Language Models (LLMs) on this task. Nonetheless, their results are subject…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Zhizheng Wang , Qiao Jin , Chih-Hsuan Wei , Shubo Tian , Po-Ting Lai , Qingqing Zhu , Chi-Ping Day , Christina Ross , Zhiyong Lu

Accurate document retrieval is crucial for the success of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) applications, including open-domain question answering and code completion. While large language models (LLMs) have been employed as dense…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-04 Tong Niu , Shafiq Joty , Ye Liu , Caiming Xiong , Yingbo Zhou , Semih Yavuz

With the rapid and continuous increase in academic publications, identifying high-quality research has become an increasingly pressing challenge. While recent methods leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) for automated paper evaluation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Wuqiang Zheng , Yiyan Xu , Xinyu Lin , Chongming Gao , Wenjie Wang , Fuli Feng