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Diffusion language models theoretically allow for efficient parallel generation but are practically hindered by the "factorization barrier": the assumption that simultaneously predicted tokens are independent. This limitation forces a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Ian Li , Zilei Shao , Benjie Wang , Rose Yu , Guy Van den Broeck , Anji Liu

Diffusion Large Language Models (dLLMs) deliver strong long-context processing capability in a non-autoregressive decoding paradigm. However, the considerable computational cost of bidirectional full attention limits the inference…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Lingkun Long , Yushi Huang , Shihao Bai , Ruihao Gong , Jun Zhang , Ao Zhou , Jianlei Yang

Accelerating the inference of large language models (LLMs) is a critical challenge in generative AI. Speculative decoding (SD) methods offer substantial efficiency gains by generating multiple tokens using a single target forward pass.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Nadav Timor , Jonathan Mamou , Daniel Korat , Moshe Berchansky , Gaurav Jain , Oren Pereg , Moshe Wasserblat , David Harel

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive models for faster inference via parallel token generation. We provide a rigorous foundation for this advantage by formalizing a model of parallel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Haozhe Jiang , Nika Haghtalab , Lijie Chen

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to the long-dominant autoregressive (AR) paradigm, offering a parallelable decoding process that could yield greater efficiency. Yet, in practice, current open-source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Han Peng , Peiyu Liu , Zican Dong , Daixuan Cheng , Junyi Li , Yiru Tang , Shuo Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) present a promising non-sequential paradigm for text generation, distinct from standard autoregressive (AR) approaches. However, current decoding strategies often adopt a reactive stance, underutilizing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Miao Li , Hanyang Jiang , Sikai Cheng , Hengyu Fu , Yuhang Cai , Baihe Huang , Tinghan Ye , Xuanzhou Chen , Pascal Van Hentenryck

Autoregressive language models (ARMs) have been shown to memorize and occasionally reproduce training data verbatim, raising concerns about privacy and copyright liability. Diffusion language models (DLMs) have recently emerged as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Xiaoyu Luo , Wenrui Yu , Qiongxiu Li , Johannes Bjerva

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful class of generative models, achieving state-of-the-art results in continuous data domains such as image and video generation. Their core mechanism involves a forward diffusion process that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Ashen Weligalle

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) have shown advantages in text generation, particularly due to their inherent ability for parallel decoding. However, constrained by the quality--speed trade-off, existing inference solutions adopt…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Lizhuo Luo , Zhuoran Shi , Jiajun Luo , Zhi Wang , Shen Ren , Wenya Wang , Tianwei Zhang

Diffusion Language Models (DLMs) are rapidly emerging as a powerful and promising alternative to the dominant autoregressive (AR) paradigm. By generating tokens in parallel through an iterative denoising process, DLMs possess inherent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Tianyi Li , Mingda Chen , Bowei Guo , Zhiqiang Shen

Discrete diffusion language models (DLMs) generate text by iteratively denoising all positions in parallel, offering an alternative to autoregressive models. Controlled generation methods for DLMs, imported from autoregressive models, apply…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Hanhan Zhou , Shamik Roy , Rashmi Gangadharaiah

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit exceptional performance across a wide range of tasks; however, their token-by-token autoregressive generation process significantly hinders inference speed. Speculative decoding presents a promising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Kai Lv , Honglin Guo , Qipeng Guo , Xipeng Qiu

Discrete diffusion models have recently become competitive with autoregressive models for language modeling, even outperforming them on reasoning tasks requiring planning and global coherence, but they require more computation at inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Andre He , Sean Welleck , Daniel Fried

Steering language model generation toward desired textual properties is essential for practical deployment, and inference-time methods are particularly appealing because they enable controllable generation without retraining. Recent work…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Hyeseon An , Yo-Sub Han

Discrete diffusion models offer global context awareness and flexible parallel generation. However, uniform random noise schedulers in standard DLLM training overlook the highly non-uniform information density inherent in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Linrui Ma , Yufei Cui , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang

Discrete diffusion language models have emerged as a competitive alternative to auto-regressive language models, but training them efficiently under limited parameter and memory budgets remains challenging. Modern architectures are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Zihao Wu , Haoming Yang , Juncheng Dong , Vahid Tarokh

Diffusion language models (DLMs) have strong theoretical efficiency but are limited by fixed-length decoding and incompatibility with key-value (KV) caches. Block diffusion mitigates these issues, yet still enforces a fixed block size and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yangzhou Liu , Yue Cao , Hao Li , Gen Luo , Zhe Chen , Weiyun Wang , Xiaobo Liang , Biqing Qi , Lijun Wu , Changyao Tian , Yanting Zhang , Yuqiang Li , Tong Lu , Yu Qiao , Jifeng Dai , Wenhai Wang

Autoregressive Models (ARMs) have long dominated the landscape of Large Language Models. Recently, a new paradigm has emerged in the form of diffusion-based Large Language Models (dLLMs), which generate text by iteratively denoising masked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhiyuan Liu , Yicun Yang , Yaojie Zhang , Junjie Chen , Chang Zou , Qingyuan Wei , Shaobo Wang , Linfeng Zhang

Discrete diffusion models generate sequences by iteratively denoising samples corrupted by categorical noise, offering an appealing alternative to autoregressive decoding for structured and symbolic generation. However, standard training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Huu Binh Ta , Michael Cardei , Alvaro Velasquez , Ferdinando Fioretto

Diffusion large language models (dLLMs) generate text through iterative denoising. In commonly adopted parallel decoding schemes, each step confirms only high-confidence positions while remasking the others. By analyzing dLLM denoising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Kangyu Wang , Zhiyun Jiang , Haibo Feng , Weijia Zhao , Lin Liu , Jianguo Li , Zhenzhong Lan , Weiyao Lin