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It has been a long-standing debate that why quantum mechanics uses complex numbers but not only real numbers. To address this topic, in recent years, the imaginarity theory has been developed in the way of quantum resource theory. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-12-06 Jianwei Xu

In this paper, we introduce the framework for quantifying the imaginarity of quantum channels. Besides, an alternative framework is given together to simplify the process of verifying the condition. We present three imaginarity measures of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-25 Xiangyu Chen , Qiang Lei

The use of imaginary numbers in modelling quantum mechanical systems encompasses the wave-like nature of quantum states. Here we introduce a resource theoretic framework for imaginarity, where the free states are taken to be those with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-17 Alexander Hickey , Gilad Gour

The resource-theoretic frameworks for quantum imaginarity have been developed in recent years. Within these frameworks, many imaginarity measures for finite-dimensional systems have been proposed. However, for imaginarity of Gaussian states…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-14 Ting Zhang , Jinchuan Hou , Xiaofei Qi

Coherence is a basic notion for quantum states. Instead of quantum states, in this work, We establish a resource theory for quantifying the coherence of Gaussian channels. To do this, we propose the definitions of incoherent Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-15 Jianwei Xu

In this paper, we investigate the decay behaviors of three imaginarity-related metrics, specifically the $l_1$-norm-based imaginarity measure, imaginarity robustness, and imaginarity relative entropy, for arbitrary single-qubit pure initial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-17 Yue Han , Naihong Hu

The resource theory of imaginarity studies the operational value of imaginary parts in quantum states, operations, and measurements. Here we introduce and study the distillation and conversion of imaginarity in distributed scenario. This…

Complex numbers are widely used in both classical and quantum physics, and play an important role in describing quantum systems and their dynamical behavior. In this paper we study several measures of imaginarity of quantum states in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Qiang Chen , Ting Gao , Fengli Yan

Complex numbers are widely used in both classical and quantum physics, and are indispensable components for describing quantum systems and their dynamical behavior. Recently, the resource theory of imaginarity has been introduced, allowing…

Quantum communications using continuous variables are quite mature experimental techniques and the relevant theories have been extensively investigated with various methods. In this paper, we study the continuous variable quantum channels…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Tao Qin , Meisheng Zhao , Yongde Zhang

We propose a general method to operationally quantify the resourcefulness of quantum channels via channel discrimination, an important information processing task. A main result is that the maximum success probability of distinguishing a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-03-04 Lu Li , Kaifeng Bu , Zi-Wen Liu

We develop a general framework to assess capabilities and limitations of the Gaussian toolbox in continuous variable quantum information theory. Our framework allows us to characterize the structure and properties of quantum resource…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-09-05 Ludovico Lami , Bartosz Regula , Xin Wang , Rosanna Nichols , Andreas Winter , Gerardo Adesso

Wave-particle duality is one of the basic features of quantum mechanics, giving rise to the use of complex numbers in describing states of quantum systems, their dynamics, and interaction. Since the inception of quantum theory, it has been…

Quantum Gaussian channels are fundamental models for communication and information processing in continuous-variable quantum systems. This work addresses both foundational aspects and physical implementation pathways for these channels.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-08 Repana Devendra , Tiju Cherian John , K. Sumesh

We investigate the capacity of bosonic quantum channels for the transmission of quantum information. Achievable rates are determined from measurable moments of the channel by showing that every channel can asymptotically simulate a Gaussian…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 Michael M. Wolf , David Perez-Garcia , Geza Giedke

The recently introduced resource theory of imaginarity facilitates a systematic investigation into the role of complex numbers in quantum mechanics and quantum information theory. In this work, we propose well-defined measures of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-15 Meng-Li Guo , Si-Yin Huang , Bo Li , Shao-Ming Fei

One of the major achievements of the recently emerged quantum information theory is the introduction and thorough investigation of the notion of quantum channel which is a basic building block of any data-transmitting or data-processing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-23 A. S. Holevo , V. Giovannetti

We introduce a new framework for quantifying the complexity of quantum channels, grounded in a suitably chosen resource set. This class of convex functions is designed to analyze the complexity of both open and closed quantum systems. By…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-12 Roy Araiza , Yidong Chen , Marius Junge , Peixue Wu

Complex numbers are widely used in quantum physics and are indispensable components for describing quantum systems and their dynamical behavior. The resource theory of imaginarity has been built recently, enabling a systematic research of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-10 Shuanping Du , Zhaofang Bai

We survey the state of the art for the proof of the quantum Gaussian optimizer conjectures of quantum information theory. These fundamental conjectures state that quantum Gaussian input states are the solution to several optimization…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2018-08-31 Giacomo De Palma , Dario Trevisan , Vittorio Giovannetti , Luigi Ambrosio
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