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Time crystals are classified into discrete time crystals and continuous time crystals based on whether they spontaneously break time-translation symmetry. Continuous-time crystals do not require external driving. By introducing AdS/CFT…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-15 Ximo Wang , Qiwei Han , Zhenqi Bai , Hongyan Fan , Yichi Zhang

We investigate the out-of-equilibrium properties of a system of interacting bosons in a ring lattice. We present a Floquet driving that induces clockwise (counterclockwise) circulation of the particles among the odd (even) sites of the ring…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2019-10-16 Andrea Pizzi , Johannes Knolle , Andreas Nunnenkamp

We study the breaking of the discrete time-translation symmetry in small periodically driven quantum systems. Such systems are intermediate between large closed systems and small dissipative systems, which both display the symmetry…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-11-29 Yaxing Zhang , J. Gosner , S. M. Girvin , J. Ankerhold , M. I. Dykman

A discrete time crystal (DTC) is the paradigmatic example of a phase of matter that occurs exclusively in systems out of equilibrium. This phenomenon is characterized by the spontaneous symmetry breaking of discrete time-translation and…

Time crystals are quantum many-body systems which, due to interactions between particles, are able to spontaneously self-organize their motion in a periodic way in time by analogy with the formation of crystalline structures in space in…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-04-04 Krzysztof Giergiel , Artur Miroszewski , Krzysztof Sacha

Many-body quantum systems, under suitable conditions, exhibit time-translation symmetry breaking and settle in a discrete time crystalline (DTC) phase -- an out-of-equilibrium quantum phase of matter. The defining feature of DTC is a robust…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-14 Gourab Das , Saptarshi Saha , Rangeet Bhattacharyya

We define what it means for time translation symmetry to be spontaneously broken in a quantum system, and show with analytical arguments and numerical simulations that this occurs in a large class of many-body-localized driven systems with…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2016-08-31 Dominic V. Else , Bela Bauer , Chetan Nayak

Understanding quantum dynamics away from equilibrium is an outstanding challenge in the modern physical sciences. It is well known that out-of-equilibrium systems can display a rich array of phenomena, ranging from self-organized…

We propose a new Floquet time crystal model that responds in arbitrary multiples of the driving period. Such an $n$-tuple discrete time crystal is theoretically constructed by permuting spins in a disordered chain and is well suited for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-10 Hongye Yu , Tzu-Chieh Wei

Time crystals are quantum many-body systems which are able to self-organize their motion in a periodic way in time. Discrete time crystals have been experimentally demonstrated in spin systems. However, the first idea of spontaneous…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2018-07-16 Krzysztof Giergiel , Arkadiusz Kosior , Peter Hannaford , Krzysztof Sacha

We propose a novel protocol to realize discrete time-crystal (DTC) order in clean, periodically driven spin-$1/2$ chains. In each drive cycle, a global spin flip is followed by a two-tone flat-band segment. This flat-band segment engineers…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-03-17 Mahbub Rahaman , Analabha Roy

Discrete time crystals represent a paradigmatic nonequilibrium phase of periodically driven matter. Protecting its emergent spatiotemporal order necessitates a mechanism that hinders the spreading of defects, such as localization of domain…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-09-16 Mario Collura , Andrea De Luca , Davide Rossini , Alessio Lerose

A discrete time crystal (DTC) repeats itself with a rigid rhythm, mimicking a ticking clock set by the interplay between its internal structures and an external force. DTCs promise profound applications in precision time-keeping and other…

Quantum Gases · Physics 2020-07-22 Changyuan Lyu , Sayan Choudhury , Chenwei Lv , Yangqian Yan , Qi Zhou

We present fresh evidence for the presence of discrete quantum time crystals in two spatial dimensions. Discrete time crystals are intricate quantum systems that break discrete time translation symmetry in driven quantum many-body systems…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-16 A. Kshetrimayum , M. Goihl , D. M. Kennes , J. Eisert

Driven-dissipative many-body system supports nontrivial quantum phases absent in equilibrium. As a prominent example, the interplay between coherent driving and collective dissipation can lead to a dynamical quantum phase that spontaneously…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-29 Zhuqing Wang , Ruochen Gao , Xiaoling Wu , Berislav Buča , Klaus Mølmer , Li You , Fan Yang

Crystals spontaneously break the continuous translation symmetry in space, despite the invariance of the underlying energy function. This has triggered suggestions of time crystals analogously lifting translational invariance in time.…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2024-02-29 A. Greilich , N. E. Kopteva , A. N. Kamenskii , P. S. Sokolov , V. L. Korenev , M. Bayer

Periodically-driven open quantum systems that never thermalize exhibit a discrete time-crystal behavior, a non-equilibrium quantum phenomenon that has shown promise in quantum information processing applications. Measurements of…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Subhajit Sarkar , Yonatan Dubi

Discrete time crystals are non-equilibrium phases of matter in periodically driven systems, characterized by robust subharmonic oscillations and broken discrete time-translation symmetry. Their long-lived coherent dynamics and resilience to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-29 Rozhin Yousefjani , Shaikha Al-Naimi , Saif Al-Kuwari , Abolfazl Bayat

While a generic open quantum system decays to its steady state, continuous time crystals (CTCs) develop spontaneous oscillation and never converge to a stationary state. Just as crystals develop correlations in space, CTCs do so in time.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Parvinder Solanki , Fabrizio Minganti

We study the stroboscopic non-equilibrium quantum dynamics of periodically kicked Hamiltonians involving homogeneous central-spin interactions. The system exhibits a strong fragmentation of Hilbert space into four-dimensional Floquet-Krylov…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-18 Abhishek Kumar , Rafail Frantzeskakis , Edwin Barnes