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The automation of passenger vehicles is becoming more and more widespread, leading to full autonomy of cars within the next years. Furthermore, sustainable electric mobility is gaining in importance. As racecars have been a development…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-05-18 Thomas Herrmann , Fabian Christ , Johannes Betz , Markus Lienkamp

With increasingly favorable economics and bundling of different grid services, energy storage systems (ESS) are expected to play a key role in integrating renewable generation. This work considers the coordination of ESS owned by customers…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-05-31 Sarthak Gupta , Vassilis Kekatos , Walid Saad

The adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), including electric taxis and buses, as a mode of transportation, is rapidly increasing in cities. In addition to providing economic and environmental benefits, these fleets can potentially…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-21 Mostafa Mohammadian , Constance Crozier , Kyri Baker

Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) can contribute to energy and environmental challenges. Among different types of PEVs, plug-in hybrid electric taxis (PHETs) go in advance. In this study, we provide a spatial and temporal PHET charging…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-08-03 Huimiao Chen , Yinghao Jia , Zechun Hu , Guanglei Wu , Zuo-Jun Max Shen

Large-scale Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Station (CS) may be too large to be dispatched in real-time via a centralized approach. While a decentralized approach may be a viable solution, the lack of incentives could impair the alignment of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Riccardo Ramaschi , Mario Paolone , Sonia Leva

Energy management strategy (EMS) is a key technology for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). The energy management of certain series-parallel PHEVs involves the control of continuous variables, such as engine torque, and discrete…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-05 Changfu Gong , Jinming Xu , Yuan Lin

In the first part of this two-part paper a game-theoretic decentralized real-time control is proposed in the context of Electric Vehicle (EV) Charging Station (CS). This method, relying on a Stackelberg Game-based Alternating Direction of…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Riccardo Ramaschi , Mario Paolone , Sonia Leva

The "avoid - shift - improve" framework and the European Clean Vehicles Directive set the path for improving the efficiency and ultimately decarbonizing the transport sector. While electric buses have already been adopted in several cities,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-07 Xenia Haslinger , Elisabeth Gaar , Sophie N. Parragh

The uptake of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) is increasing to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in the transport sector. The rapid adoption of BEVs depends significantly on the coordinated charging/discharging infrastructure. Without it,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-23 Saman Mehrnia , Hui Song , Nameer Al Khafaf , Mahdi Jalili , Lasantha Meegahapola , Brendan McGrath

This paper presents an online energy management system for an energy hub where electric vehicles are charged combining on-site photovoltaic generation and battery energy storage with the power grid, with the objective to decide on the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-01 Diego Fernández-Zapico , Theo Hofman , Mauro Salazar

The integration of large shares of electricity produced by non-dispatchable Renewable Energy Sources (RES) leads to an increasingly volatile energy generation side, with temporary local overproduction. The application of energy storage…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2016-03-14 Lars Siemer , Frank Schöpfer , David Kleinhans

This paper presents a load switching group based energy management system (LSG-EMS) for operating microgrids on a distribution feeder powered by one or multiple grid-forming distributed energy resources. Loads on a distribution feeder are…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-02 Rongxing Hu , Yiyan Li , Si Zhang , Ashwin Shirsat , Valliappan Muthukaruppan , Wenyuan Tang , Mesut Baran , David Lubkeman , Ning Lu

Integrated energy systems (IESs), in which various energy flows are interconnected and coordinated to release potential flexibility for more efficient and secure operation, have drawn increasing attention in recent years. In this article,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-21 Binbin Chen , Qinglai Guo , Guanxiong Yin , Bin Wang , Zhaoguang Pan , Yuwei Chen , Wenchuan Wu , Hongbin Sun

In recent years, electric vehicle (EV) charging stations have witnessed a rapid growth. However, effective management of charging stations is challenging due to individual EV owners' privacy concerns, competing interests of different…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-06-15 Dongxiang Yan , Chengbin Ma , Yue Chen

Owing to the potential higher energy supply efficiency and operation flexibility, integrated energy system (IES), which usually includes electric power, gas and heating/cooling systems, is considered as one of the primary forms of energy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-23 Ang Xuan , Xinwei Shen , Qinglai Guo , Hongbin Sun

The design of self-sustainable base station (BS) deployments is addressed in this paper: BSs have energy harvesting and storage capabilities, they can use ambient energy to serve the local traffic or store it for later use. A dedicated…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2018-03-19 Angel Fernandez Gambin , Maria Scalabrin , Michele Rossi

This dissertation is to study the interplay between large-scale electric vehicle (EV) charging and the power system. We address three important issues pertaining to EV charging and integration into the power system: (1) charging station…

Econometrics · Economics 2018-08-20 Chao Luo

The rapid expansion of electric vehicles (EVs) has rendered the load forecasting of electric vehicle charging stations (EVCS) increasingly critical. The primary challenge in achieving precise load forecasting for EVCS lies in accounting for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-14 Zongbao Zhang , Jiao Hao , Wenmeng Zhao , Yan Liu , Yaohui Huang , Xinhang Luo

This paper proposes a probabilistic model for uncontrolled charging of electric vehicles (EVs). EV charging will add significant load to power systems in the coming years and, due to the convenience of charging at home, this is likely to…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-23 Constance Crozier , Thomas Morstyn , Malcolm McCulloch

In recent years, developments in plug in hybrid electric vehicles have provided various environmental and economic advantages. In the future smart grids, electric vehicles are seen as an important means of transportation to reduce…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-02-13 Shanxuei Chen , Elizabeth Olivioufski , Braian Dods , Mohammd Hamdi