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Large Language Models (LLMs) can perform zero-shot learning on unseen tasks and few-shot learning on complex reasoning tasks. However, resource-limited mobile edge networks struggle to support long-context LLM serving for LLM agents during…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Minrui Xu , Dusit Niyato , Christopher G. Brinton

Efficient parallelization of Large Language Models (LLMs) with long sequences is essential but challenging due to their significant computational and memory demands, particularly stemming from communication bottlenecks in attention…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Zongwu Wang , Fangxin Liu , Mingshuai Li , Li Jiang

We consider a single large language model (LLM) server that serves a heterogeneous stream of queries belonging to $N$ distinct task types. Queries arrive according to a Poisson process, and each type occurs with a known prior probability.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Emre Ozbas , Melih Bastopcu

While integrating tools like Code Interpreter and Search has significantly enhanced Large Language Model (LLM) reasoning in models like ChatGPT Agent and Gemini-Pro, practical guidance on optimal tool use is lacking. The core challenge is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yongchao Chen , Jiefeng Chen , Rui Meng , Ji Yin , Na Li , Chuchu Fan , Chi Wang , Tomas Pfister , Jinsung Yoon

Bottleneck identification is a challenging task in network analysis, especially when the network is not fully specified. To address this task, we develop a unified online learning framework based on combinatorial semi-bandits that performs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-07 Fazeleh Hoseini , Niklas Åkerblom , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani

Large Language Model (LLM) routers dynamically select optimal models for given inputs. Existing approaches typically assume access to ground-truth labeled data, which is often unavailable in practice, especially when user request…

Accurate and reliable link quality prediction (LQP) is crucial for optimizing network performance, ensuring communication stability, and enhancing user experience in wireless communications. However, LQP faces significant challenges due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zhuangzhuang Yan , Xinyu Gu , Shilong Fan , Zhenyu Liu

LLM routing has achieved promising results in integrating the strengths of diverse models while balancing efficiency and performance. However, to support more realistic and challenging applications, routing must extend into agentic LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Tao Feng , Haozhen Zhang , Zijie Lei , Peixuan Han , Jiaxuan You

Amazon Customer Service provides real-time support for millions of customer contacts every year. While bot-resolver helps automate some traffic, we still see high demand for human agents, also called subject matter experts (SMEs). Customers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Ruofeng Wen , Wenjun Zeng , Yi Liu

The increasing use of token-based representations in language-driven applications has motivated wireless token communication, where tokens are treated as fundamental units for transmission. However, conventional communication systems…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Junyong Shin , Joohyuk Park , Yongjeong Oh , Jihong Park , Jinho Choi , Yo-Seb Jeon

Developing prompt-based methods with Large Language Models (LLMs) requires making numerous decisions, which give rise to a combinatorial search problem over hyper-parameters. This exhaustive evaluation can be time-consuming and costly. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Jin Peng Zhou , Christian K. Belardi , Ruihan Wu , Travis Zhang , Carla P. Gomes , Wen Sun , Kilian Q. Weinberger

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable performance on general Question Answering (QA), yet they often struggle in domain-specific scenarios where accurate and up-to-date information is required. Retrieval-Augmented Generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Haoyue Bai , Haoyu Wang , Shengyu Chen , Zhengzhang Chen , Lu-An Tang , Wei Cheng , Haifeng Chen , Yanjie Fu

The widespread growth in LLM developments increasingly demands more computational power from clusters than what they can supply. Traditional LLM applications inherently require huge static resource allocations, which force users to either…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Thanh Son Phung , Douglas Thain

LLMs' capabilities are enhanced by using function calls to integrate various data sources or API results into the context window. Typical tools include search, web crawlers, maps, financial data, file systems, and browser usage, etc.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Shiqing Fan , Xichen Ding , Liang Zhang , Linjian Mo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have advanced rapidly but face significant memory demands. While quantization has shown promise for LLMs, current methods typically require lengthy training to alleviate the performance degradation from…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Ke Yi , Yuhui Xu , Heng Chang , Chen Tang , Yuan Meng , Tong Zhang , Jia Li

Prompt-based offline methods are commonly used to optimize large language model (LLM) responses, but evaluating these responses is computationally intensive and often fails to accommodate diverse response styles. This study introduces a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xiangxiang Dai , Yuejin Xie , Maoli Liu , Xuchuang Wang , Zhuohua Li , Huanyu Wang , John C. S. Lui

We consider an online decision making setting known as contextual bandit problem, and propose an approach for improving contextual bandit performance by using an adaptive feature extraction (representation learning) based on online…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Baihan Lin , Djallel Bouneffouf , Guillermo Cecchi , Irina Rish

Edge-cloud collaborative inference is becoming a practical necessity for LLM-powered edge devices: on-device models often cannot afford the required reasoning capability, while cloud-only inference could be prohibitively costly and slow…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jiangwen Dong , Jiayu Li , Tianhang Zheng , Wanyu Lin

With the widespread deployment of large language models (LLMs) such as GPT4, BART, and LLaMA, the need for a system that can intelligently select the most suitable model for specific tasks while balancing cost, latency, accuracy, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Deepak Babu Piskala , Vijay Raajaa , Sachin Mishra , Bruno Bozza

To mitigate the trade-offs between performance and costs, LLM providers route user tasks to different models based on task difficulty and latency. We study the effect of LLM routing with respect to user behavior. We propose a game between…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Rafid Mahmood