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Analysing learning in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) environments is challenging, in particular with respect to \textit{individual} decision-making. Practitioners frequently struggle to compare training runs due to the inherent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-29 James Rudd-Jones , María Pérez-Ortiz , Mirco Musolesi

Reinforcement Learning in large action spaces is a challenging problem. Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) exacerbates matters by imposing various constraints on communication and observability. In this work, we consider…

A number of recent studies have focused on novel features in game theory when the games are played using quantum mechanical toolbox (entanglement, unitary operators, measurement). Researchers have concentrated in two-player-two strategy,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Junichi Shimamura , Sahin Kaya Ozdemir , Nobuyuki Imoto

We study the influence of entanglement and correlated noise using correlated amplitude damping, depolarizing and phase damping channels on the quantum Stackelberg duopoly. Our investigations show that under the action of amplitude damping…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-02-13 Salman Khan , M. Ramzan , M. K. Khan

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has become a significant research topic due to its ability to facilitate learning in complex environments. In multi-agent tasks, the state-action value, commonly referred to as the Q-value, can vary…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Zhenglong Luo , Zhiyong Chen , James Welsh

Variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) have emerged in recent years as a promise to obtain quantum advantage. These task-oriented algorithms work in a hybrid loop combining a quantum processor and classical optimization. Using a specific…

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) heavily rely on a variety of well-designed benchmarks, which provide environmental platforms and consistent criteria to evaluate existing and novel algorithms. Specifically, in multi-agent RL…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Wenzhe Li , Zihan Ding , Seth Karten , Chi Jin

Quantum machine learning, as an extension of classical machine learning that harnesses quantum mechanics, facilitates effiient learning from data encoded in quantum states. Training a quantum neural network typically demands a substantial…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Yongcheng Ding , Yue Ban , Mikel Sanz , José D. Martín-Guerrero , Xi Chen

This paper investigates the impact of feedback quantization on multi-agent learning. In particular, we analyze the equilibrium convergence properties of the well-known "follow the regularized leader" (FTRL) class of algorithms when players…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Kyriakos Lotidis , Panayotis Mertikopoulos , Nicholas Bambos

In this work, we develop a reinforcement learning protocol for a multiagent coordination task in a discrete state and action space: an iterated prisoner's dilemma game extended into a team based, winner-take all tournament, which forces the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2018-06-18 Aaron Goodman

Decentralized learning has shown great promise for cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL). However, non-stationarity remains a significant challenge in fully decentralized learning. In the paper, we tackle the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-08 Kefan Su , Siyuan Zhou , Jiechuan Jiang , Chuang Gan , Xiangjun Wang , Zongqing Lu

We propose a quantum feature mapping technique that leverages the quench dynamics of a quantum spin glass to extract complex data patterns at the quantum-advantage level for academic and industrial applications. We demonstrate that encoding…

Speculative trading can drive pronounced market instabilities, yet existing regulatory and macroprudential tools intervene only after such dynamics emerge. Quantum technologies offer a fundamentally new means of shaping economic behavior by…

As quantum processors advance, the emergence of large-scale decentralized systems involving interacting quantum-enabled agents is on the horizon. Recent research efforts have explored quantum versions of Nash and correlated equilibria as…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Wayne Lin , Georgios Piliouras , Ryann Sim , Antonios Varvitsiotis

Machine learning (ML) methods such as artificial neural networks are rapidly becoming ubiquitous in modern science, technology and industry. Despite their accuracy and sophistication, neural networks can be easily fooled by carefully…

Designing efficient algorithms for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is fundamentally challenging because the size of the joint state and action spaces grows exponentially in the number of agents. These difficulties are exacerbated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Emile Anand , Ishani Karmarkar , Guannan Qu

We study the problem of online multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in environments with sparse rewards, where reward feedback is not provided at each interaction but only revealed at the end of a trajectory. This setting, though…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 The Viet Bui , Tien Mai , Hong Thanh Nguyen

Rendezvous is an old problem of assuring that two or more parties, initially separated, not knowing the position of each other, and not allowed to communicate, meet without pre-agreement on the meeting point. This problem has been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-27 Piotr Mironowicz

Regret analysis is challenging in Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) primarily due to the dynamical environments and the decentralized information among agents. We attempt to solve this challenge in the context of decentralized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-29 Seyed Mohammad Asghari , Yi Ouyang , Ashutosh Nayyar

We consider model-based multi-agent reinforcement learning, where the environment transition model is unknown and can only be learned via expensive interactions with the environment. We propose H-MARL (Hallucinated Multi-Agent Reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Pier Giuseppe Sessa , Maryam Kamgarpour , Andreas Krause