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We discuss the problem of decentralized multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) in this work. In our setting, the global state, action, and reward are assumed to be fully observable, while the local policy is protected as privacy by each…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Kuo Li , Qing-Shan Jia

A central problem in the theory of multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is to understand what structural conditions and algorithmic principles lead to sample-efficient learning guarantees, and how these considerations change as we move…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Dylan J. Foster , Dean P. Foster , Noah Golowich , Alexander Rakhlin

Traditional multi-agent reinforcement learning algorithms are not scalable to environments with more than a few agents, since these algorithms are exponential in the number of agents. Recent research has introduced successful methods to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Sriram Ganapathi Subramanian , Matthew E. Taylor , Mark Crowley , Pascal Poupart

Quantum Reinforcement Learning (QRL) emerged as a branch of reinforcement learning (RL) that uses quantum submodules in the architecture of the algorithm. One branch of QRL focuses on the replacement of neural networks (NN) by variational…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-15 Georg Kruse , Theodora-Augustina Dragan , Robert Wille , Jeanette Miriam Lorenz

Quantum entanglement is an essential feature of many-body systems that impacts both quantum information processing and fundamental physics. The growth of entanglement is a major challenge for classical simulation methods. In this work, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Qi Zhao , You Zhou , Andrew M. Childs

We study the performance of an Ising spin network for quantum reservoir computing (QRC) in linear and non-linear memory tasks. We investigate the extent to which quantumness enhances performance by monitoring the behaviour of quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-22 Youssef Kora , Hadi Zadeh-Haghighi , Terrence C Stewart , Khabat Heshami , Christoph Simon

Free energy-based reinforcement learning (FERL) with clamped quantum Boltzmann machines (QBM) was shown to significantly improve the learning efficiency compared to classical Q-learning with the restriction, however, to discrete…

Rapid urbanization in cities like Bangalore has led to severe traffic congestion, making efficient Traffic Signal Control (TSC) essential. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), often modeling each traffic signal as an independent agent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Sayambhu Sen , Shalabh Bhatnagar

What happens when an infinite number of players play a quantum game? In this tutorial, we will answer this question by looking at the emergence of cooperation, in the presence of noise, in a one-shot quantum Prisoner's dilemma (QuPD). We…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-04-17 Colin Benjamin , Rajdeep Tah

Quantum annealing (QA) has the potential to significantly improve solution quality and reduce time complexity in solving combinatorial optimization problems compared to classical optimization methods. However, due to the limited number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-09 Seongmin Kim , Sang-Woo Ahn , In-Saeng Suh , Alexander W. Dowling , Eungkyu Lee , Tengfei Luo

This paper proposes a novel algorithm, named quantum multi-agent actor-critic networks (QMACN) for autonomously constructing a robust mobile access system employing multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). In the context of facilitating…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-06-08 Chanyoung Park , Won Joon Yun , Jae Pyoung Kim , Tiago Koketsu Rodrigues , Soohyun Park , Soyi Jung , Joongheon Kim

Many recent successful off-policy multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms for cooperative partially observable environments focus on finding factorized value functions, leading to convoluted network structures. Building on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Raphaël Avalos , Mathieu Reymond , Ann Nowé , Diederik M. Roijers

Quantum discord has been utilised in order to find quantum advantage in an extension of the Clauser, Horne, Shimony, and Holt (CHSH) game. By writing the game explicitly as a Bayesian game, the resulting game is modified such the payoff's…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-06-09 Adam Lowe

Quantum Machine Learning (QML) is a young but rapidly growing field where quantum information meets machine learning. Here, we will introduce a new QML model generalizing the classical concept of Reinforcement Learning to the quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-08 Nicola Dalla Pozza , Lorenzo Buffoni , Stefano Martina , Filippo Caruso

Remote entanglement enables coordinated decision making without communication and produces correlations beyond those achievable by any classical strategy, representing a practical quantum advantage in time-critical distributed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-10 Changhao Li , Seigo Kikura , Akihisa Goban , Hayata Yamasaki , Shinichi Sunami

Benchmarking and establishing proper statistical validation metrics for reinforcement learning (RL) remain ongoing challenges, where no consensus has been established yet. The emergence of quantum computing and its potential applications in…

We analyze the effects of quantum correlations, such as entanglement and discord, on the efficiency of phase estimation by studying four quantum circuits that can be readily implemented using NMR techniques. These circuits define a standard…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-01-04 Kavan Modi , Hugo Cable , Mark Williamson , Vlatko Vedral

This paper proposes an exploration technique for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) with graph-based communication among agents. We assume the individual rewards received by the agents are independent of the actions by the other…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Ainur Zhaikhan , Ali H. Sayed

The performance of the Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is promising compared to other quantum algorithms, but also depends significantly on the appropriate design of the underlying quantum circuit. Recent research by Bowles, Ahmend \&…

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms are widely adopted in tackling complex tasks that require collaboration and competition among agents in dynamic Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). However, learning such tasks from scratch is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Ayesha Siddika Nipu , Siming Liu , Anthony Harris