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Finetuning language models (LMs) is crucial for adapting the models to downstream data and tasks. However, full finetuning is usually costly. Existing work, such as parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT), often focuses on \textit{how to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jian Gu , Aldeida Aleti , Chunyang Chen , Hongyu Zhang

Large models represent a groundbreaking advancement in multiple application fields, enabling remarkable achievements across various tasks. However, their unprecedented scale comes with significant computational costs. These models, often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Zeyu Han , Chao Gao , Jinyang Liu , Jeff Zhang , Sai Qian Zhang

Prompt-based learning has emerged as a parameter-efficient finetuning (PEFT) approach to facilitate Large Language Model (LLM) adaptation to downstream tasks by conditioning generation with task-aware guidance. Despite its successes,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yiyang Liu , James C. Liang , Heng Fan , Wenhao Yang , Yiming Cui , Xiaotian Han , Lifu Huang , Dongfang Liu , Qifan Wang , Cheng Han

Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods achieve performance comparable to Full Fine-Tuning (FFT) while requiring significantly fewer computing resources, making it the go-to choice for researchers. We find that although PEFT can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Yongkang Liu , Xingle Xu , Ercong Nie , Zijing Wang , Shi Feng , Daling Wang , Qian Li , Hinrich Schütze

The rise of Artificial Intelligence (AI)-and particularly Large Language Models (LLMs) for code-has reshaped Software Engineering (SE) by enabling the automation of tasks such as code generation, bug detection, and repair. However, these…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Saima Afrin , Md Zahidul Haque , Antonio Mastropaolo

Large Language Models (LLMs) have proven highly effective in automating software engineering tasks, bridging natural language and code semantics to achieve notable results in code generation and summarization. However, their scale incurs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Md Zahidul Haque , Saima Afrin , Antonio Mastropaolo

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) has emerged as the predominant technique for fine-tuning in the era of large language models. However, existing PEFT methods still have inadequate training efficiency. Firstly, the utilization of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Naibin Gu , Peng Fu , Xiyu Liu , Bowen Shen , Zheng Lin , Weiping Wang

Large language models (LLMs) and vision language models (VLMs) demonstrate excellent performance on a wide range of tasks by scaling up parameter counts from O(10^9) to O(10^{12}) levels and further beyond. These large scales make it…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Yaqing Wang , Jialin Wu , Tanmaya Dabral , Jiageng Zhang , Geoff Brown , Chun-Ta Lu , Frederick Liu , Yi Liang , Bo Pang , Michael Bendersky , Radu Soricut

This paper delves into the pressing need in Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) for Large Language Models (LLMs). While LLMs possess remarkable capabilities, their extensive parameter requirements and associated computational demands…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-23 Chengyu Wang , Junbing Yan , Wei Zhang , Jun Huang

The large models, as predicted by scaling raw forecasts, have made groundbreaking progress in many fields, particularly in natural language generation tasks, where they have approached or even surpassed human levels. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Luping Wang , Sheng Chen , Linnan Jiang , Shu Pan , Runze Cai , Sen Yang , Fei Yang

Large pre-trained models (LPMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance in diverse natural language processing and computer vision tasks. However, fully fine-tuning these models poses substantial memory challenges, particularly in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-12 Chengwei Sun , Jiwei Wei , Yujia Wu , Yiming Shi , Shiyuan He , Zeyu Ma , Ning Xie , Yang Yang

Personalization in large language models (LLMs) is increasingly important, aiming to align the LLMs' interactions, content, and recommendations with individual user preferences. Recent advances have highlighted effective prompt design by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Zhaoxuan Tan , Qingkai Zeng , Yijun Tian , Zheyuan Liu , Bing Yin , Meng Jiang

Parameter-Efficient finetuning (PEFT) enhances model performance on downstream tasks by updating a minimal subset of parameters. Representation finetuning (ReFT) methods further improve efficiency by freezing model weights and optimizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Sirui Liang , Pengfei Cao , Jian Zhao , Cong Huang , Jun Zhao , Kang Liu

Transfer learning via fine-tuning pre-trained transformer models has gained significant success in delivering state-of-the-art results across various NLP tasks. In the absence of centralized data, Federated Learning (FL) can benefit from…

Various parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques have been proposed to enable computationally efficient fine-tuning while maintaining model performance. However, existing PEFT methods are still limited by the growing number of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Yifan Yang , Jiajun Zhou , Ngai Wong , Zheng Zhang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) of pre-trained language models (PLMs) has emerged as a highly successful approach, with training only a small number of parameters without sacrificing performance and becoming the de-facto learning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Baohao Liao , Shaomu Tan , Christof Monz

Smaller LLMs still face significant challenges even in medium-resourced languages, particularly when it comes to language-specific knowledge -- a problem not easily resolved with machine-translated data. In this case study on Icelandic, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Jenny Kunz

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) show impressive performance in various downstream NLP tasks. However, pre-training large language models demands substantial memory and training compute. Furthermore, due to the substantial resources…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-01 HyunJin Kim , Young Jin Kim , JinYeong Bak

As large language models (LLMs) continue to grow, the cost of full-parameter fine-tuning has made parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) the default strategy for downstream adaptation. Constraints from inference latency in scalable serving…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yichen Xu , Yuyang Liang , Shan Dai , Tianyang Hu , Tsz Nam Chan , Chenhao Ma

Improving time-to-first-token (TTFT) is an essentially important objective in modern large language model (LLM) inference engines. Optimizing TTFT directly results in higher maximal QPS and meets the requirements of many critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jingyu Liu , Beidi Chen , Ce Zhang