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The advent of large language models (LLMs) has sparked significant interest in using natural language for preference learning. However, existing methods often suffer from high computational burdens, taxing human supervision, and lack of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Saaduddin Mahmud , Mason Nakamura , Shlomo Zilberstein

End-to-end autonomous driving (AD) systems increasingly adopt vision-language-action (VLA) models, yet they typically ignore the passenger's emotional state, which is central to comfort and AD acceptance. We introduce Open-Domain End-to-End…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yihong Tang , Haicheng Liao , Tong Nie , Junlin He , Ao Qu , Kehua Chen , Wei Ma , Zhenning Li , Lijun Sun , Chengzhong Xu

Existing vision-and-language navigation (VLN) models primarily reason over past and current visual observations, while largely ignoring the future visual dynamics induced by actions. As a result, they often lack an effective understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Haihong Hao , Lei Chen , Mingfei Han , Changlin Li , Dong An , Yuqiang Yang , Zhihui Li , Xiaojun Chang

Latent Action Models (LAMs) have emerged as an effective paradigm for handling heterogeneous datasets during Vision-Language-Action (VLA) model pretraining, offering a unified action space across embodiments. However, existing LAMs often…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Qiwei Li , Xicheng Gong , Xinghang Li , Peiyan Li , Quanyun Zhou , Hangjun Ye , Jiahuan Zhou , Yadong Mu

End-to-end autonomous driving policies based on Imitation Learning (IL) often struggle in closed-loop execution due to the misalignment between inadequate open-loop training objectives and real driving requirements. While Reinforcement…

Human drivers rely on commonsense reasoning to navigate diverse and dynamic real-world scenarios. Existing end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving (AD) models are typically optimized to mimic driving patterns observed in data, without capturing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yi Xu , Yuxin Hu , Zaiwei Zhang , Gregory P. Meyer , Siva Karthik Mustikovela , Siddhartha Srinivasa , Eric M. Wolff , Xin Huang

End-to-end autonomous driving provides a feasible way to automatically maximize overall driving system performance by directly mapping the raw pixels from a front-facing camera to control signals. Recent advanced methods construct a latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Zeyu Gao , Yao Mu , Chen Chen , Jingliang Duan , Shengbo Eben Li , Ping Luo , Yanfeng Lu

Vision-Language-Action (VLA) models have emerged as a promising paradigm for end-to-end autonomous driving. However, existing reasoning mechanisms still struggle to provide planning-oriented intermediate representations: textual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Minqing Huang , Yujiao Xiang , Zihan Liang , Jiajie Huang , Jingqi Wang , Zhi Xu , Feiyang Tan , Hangning Zhou , Mu Yang , Gong Che

The integration of large language models (LLMs) into intelligent tutoring systems offers transformative potential for personalized learning in higher education. However, most existing learning path planning approaches lack transparency,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Haoxin Xu , Changyong Qi , Tong Liu , Bohao Zhang , Anna He , Bingqian Jiang , Longwei Zheng , Xiaoqing Gu

The safe deployment of autonomous vehicles relies on their ability to effectively react to environmental changes. This can require maneuvering on varying surfaces which is still a difficult problem, especially for slippery terrains. To…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Johan Vertens , Nicolai Dorka , Tim Welschehold , Michael Thompson , Wolfram Burgard

Current Vision-Language-Action (VLA) paradigms in end-to-end autonomous driving rely on offline training from static datasets, leaving them vulnerable to distribution shift. Recent post-training methods use takeover data to mitigate this by…

Autonomous driving faces challenges in navigating complex real-world traffic, requiring safe handling of both common and critical scenarios. Reinforcement learning (RL), a prominent method in end-to-end driving, enables agents to learn…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Ahmed Abouelazm , Johannes Ratz , Philip Schörner , J. Marius Zöllner

For end-to-end autonomous driving (E2E-AD), the evaluation system remains an open problem. Existing closed-loop evaluation protocols usually rely on simulators like CARLA being less realistic; while NAVSIM using real-world vision data, yet…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Junqi You , Xiaosong Jia , Zhiyuan Zhang , Yutao Zhu , Junchi Yan

Realistic manipulation tasks require a robot to interact with an environment with a prolonged sequence of motor actions. While deep reinforcement learning methods have recently emerged as a promising paradigm for automating manipulation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-01 Soroush Nasiriany , Huihan Liu , Yuke Zhu

Path planning in dynamic environments is a fundamental challenge in intelligent transportation and robotics, where obstacles and conditions change over time, introducing uncertainty and requiring continuous adaptation. While existing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Jonas De Maeyer , Hossein Yarahmadi , Moharram Challenger

The rapid iteration of autonomous vehicle (AV) deployments leads to increasing needs for building realistic and scalable multi-agent traffic simulators for efficient evaluation. Recent advances in this area focus on closed-loop simulators…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Juanwu Lu , Rohit Gupta , Ahmadreza Moradipari , Kyungtae Han , Ruqi Zhang , Ziran Wang

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into robotics has unlocked unprecedented capabilities in high-level task planning. However, most current systems operate in an open-loop fashion, where LLMs act as one-shot planners, rendering…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Anjali R. Menon , Rohit K. Sharma , Priya Singh , Chengyu Wang , Aurora M. Ferreira , Mateja Novak

High infraction rates remain the primary bottleneck for end-to-end (E2E) autonomous driving, as evidenced by the low driving scores on the CARLA Leaderboard. Despite collision-related infractions being the dominant failure mode in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Alex Koran , Dimitrios Sinodinos , Hadi Hojjati , Takuya Nanri , Fangge Chen , Narges Armanfard

Vehicle motion planning is an essential component of autonomous driving technology. Current rule-based vehicle motion planning methods perform satisfactorily in common scenarios but struggle to generalize to long-tailed situations.…

Achieving truly adaptive embodied intelligence requires agents that learn not just by imitating static demonstrations, but by continuously improving through environmental interaction, which is akin to how humans master skills through…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Zechen Bai , Chen Gao , Mike Zheng Shou