Related papers: Taming Wild Knots with Mosaics
The purpose of this paper is to construct an example of a 2-knot wildly embedded in $\mathbb{S}^{4}$ as the limit set of a Kleinian group. We find that this type of wild 2-knots has very interesting topological properties.
Classical knot theory deals with {\em diagrams} and {\em invariants}. By means of horizontal {\em trisecants}, we construct a new theory of classical braids with invariants valued in {\em pictures}. These pictures are closely related to…
It is known that every exotic smooth structure on a simply connected closed 4-manifold is determined by a codimention zero compact contractible Stein submanifold and an involution on its boundary. Such a pair is called a cork. In this…
We prove that each overtwisted contact structure has knot types that are represented by infinitely many distinct transverse knots all with the same self-linking number. In some cases, we can even classify all such knots. We also show…
Lomonaco and Kauffman developed a knot mosaic system to introduce a precise and workable definition of a quantum knot system. This definition is intended to represent an actual physical quantum system. A knot (m,n)-mosaic is an $m \times n$…
Knot contact homology studies symplectic and contact geometric properties of conormals of knots in 3-manifolds using holomorphic curve techniques. It has connections to both mathematical and physical theories. On the mathematical side, we…
Virtual knots, defined by Kauffman, provide a natural generalization of classical knots. Most invariants of knots extend in a natural way to give invariants of virtual knots. In this paper we study the fundamental groups of virtual knots…
Virtual knots are defined diagrammatically as a collection of figures, called virtual knot diagrams, that are considered equivalent up to finite sequences of extended Reidemeister moves. By contrast, knots in $\mathbb{R}^3$ can be defined…
Knots are commonly represented and manipulated via diagrams, which are decorated planar graphs. When such a knot diagram has low treewidth, parameterized graph algorithms can be leveraged to ensure the fast computation of many invariants…
We introduce KnotMosaics, a SageMath package for constructing, visualizing, and analyzing knot mosaic diagrams. The package represents an n-mosaic as a matrix of standard tile labels and implements the local connectivity rules needed to…
This manuscript introduces a new framework for the study of knots by exploring the neighborhood of knot embeddings in the space of simple open and closed curves in 3-space. The latter gives rise to a knotoid spectrum, which determines the…
We present a systematic classification of uncolored bonded knots with singularity number at most seven. Bonded knots provide a topological model for closed protein chains with intramolecular bridges, such as disulfide bonds. Following the…
We probe the character of knotting in open, confined polymers, assigning knot types to open curves by identifying their projections as virtual knots. In this sense, virtual knots are transitional, lying in between classical knot types,…
A polynomial is presented that models a topological knot in a unique manner. It distinguishes all types of knots including the orientation and has a group theory interpretation. The topologies may be labeled via a number, which upon a base…
In this paper we study kleinian groups of Schottky type whose limit set is a wild knot in the sense of Artin and Fox. We show that, if the ``original knot'' fibers over the circle then the wild knot $\Lambda$ also fibers over the circle. As…
Lomonaco and Kauffman introduced knot mosaic system to give a definition of quantum knot system. This definition is intended to represent an actual physical quantum system. A knot $(m,n)$-mosaic is an $m \times n$ matrix of mosaic tiles…
We introduce a relation of cobordism for knots in thickened surfaces and study cobordism invariants of such knots.
We consider the notion of mosaic diagrams for surface-links using marked graph diagrams. We establish bounds, in some cases tight, on the mosaic numbers for the surface-links with ch-index up to 10. As an application, we use mosaic diagrams…
The motivation for this work is to construct a map from classical knots to virtual ones. What we get in the paper is a series of maps from knots in the full torus (thickened torus) to flat-virtual knots. We give definition of flat-virtual…
The concept of a knot mosaic was introduced by Lomonaco and Kauffman as a means to construct a quantum knot system. The mosaic number of a given knot $K$ is defined as the minimum integer $n$ that allows the representation of $K$ on an $n…