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As large language models become increasingly capable at various writing tasks, their weakness at generating unique and creative content becomes a major liability. Although LLMs have the ability to generate text covering diverse topics,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ramya Namuduri , Yating Wu , Anshun Asher Zheng , Manya Wadhwa , Greg Durrett , Junyi Jessy Li

Generative Large Language Models (LLMs)inevitably produce untruthful responses. Accurately predicting the truthfulness of these outputs is critical, especially in high-stakes settings. To accelerate research in this domain and make…

Large language models (LLMs) can "lie", which we define as outputting false statements despite "knowing" the truth in a demonstrable sense. LLMs might "lie", for example, when instructed to output misinformation. Here, we develop a simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Lorenzo Pacchiardi , Alex J. Chan , Sören Mindermann , Ilan Moscovitz , Alexa Y. Pan , Yarin Gal , Owain Evans , Jan Brauner

Despite the growing development of long-context large language models (LLMs), data-centric approaches relying on synthetic data have been hindered by issues related to faithfulness, which limit their effectiveness in enhancing model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Cehao Yang , Xueyuan Lin , Chengjin Xu , Xuhui Jiang , Shengjie Ma , Aofan Liu , Hui Xiong , Jian Guo

As large language models (LLMs) scale, their inference incurs substantial computational resources, exposing them to energy-latency attacks, where crafted prompts induce high energy and latency cost. Existing attack methods aim to prolong…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Xingyu Li , Xiaolei Liu , Cheng Liu , Yixiao Xu , Kangyi Ding , Bangzhou Xin , Jia-Li Yin

Previous work has attempted to boost Large Language Model (LLM) performance on planning and scheduling tasks through a variety of prompt engineering techniques. While these methods can work within the distributions tested, they are neither…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Atharva Gundawar , Karthik Valmeekam , Mudit Verma , Subbarao Kambhampati

Evaluating the abilities of large language models (LLMs) for tasks that require long-term memory and thus long-context reasoning, for example in conversational settings, is hampered by the existing benchmarks, which often lack narrative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Mohammad Tavakoli , Alireza Salemi , Carrie Ye , Mohamed Abdalla , Hamed Zamani , J Ross Mitchell

Language Models (LMs) are important components in several Natural Language Processing systems. Recurrent Neural Network LMs composed of LSTM units, especially those augmented with an external memory, have achieved state-of-the-art results.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-11 Giancarlo D. Salton , John D. Kelleher

Most large language models (LLMs) run on external clouds: users send a prompt, pay for inference, and must trust that the remote GPU executes the LLM without any adversarial tampering. We critically ask how to achieve verifiable LLM…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Oguzhan Baser , Elahe Sadeghi , Eric Wang , David Ribeiro Alves , Sam Kazemian , Hong Kang , Sandeep P. Chinchali , Sriram Vishwanath

Despite the syntactic fluency of Large Language Models (LLMs), ensuring their logical correctness in high-stakes domains remains a fundamental challenge. We present a neurosymbolic framework that combines LLMs with SMT solvers to produce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Vikash Singh , Darion Cassel , Nathaniel Weir , Nick Feng , Sam Bayless

The companion paper introduced a four-level verification lattice on agent-skill manifests (unverified, declared, tested, formal) and left the top level aspirational. This paper closes that gap. We give a precise semantics for skill…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Alfredo Metere

Research on Large Language Models (LLMs) has recently witnessed an increasing interest in extending the models' context size to better capture dependencies within long documents. While benchmarks have been proposed to assess long-range…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Thibaut Thonet , Jos Rozen , Laurent Besacier

Argument mining (AM) is an interdisciplinary research field focused on the automatic identification and classification of argumentative components, such as claims and premises, and the relationships between them. Recent advances in large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Marcin Pietroń , Filip Gampel , Jakub Gomułka , Andrzej Tomski , Rafał Olszowski

Large language models (LLMs) excel at single-turn reasoning but often lose accuracy and coherence over extended, multi-turn interactions. Recent evaluations such as TurnBench highlight recurring failure modes-reasoning bias, task drift,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yiran Zhang , Jincheng Hu , Mark Dras , Usman Naseem

LLM-based agents are rapidly being adopted across diverse domains. Since they interact with users without supervision, they must be tested extensively. Current testing approaches focus on acceptance-level evaluation from the user's…

Although large language models (LLMs) have been touted for their ability to generate natural-sounding text, there are growing concerns around possible negative effects of LLMs such as data memorization, bias, and inappropriate language.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Michael Kuchnik , Virginia Smith , George Amvrosiadis

In this paper, we introduce LLMCHECKER, a model-checking-based verification method to verify the probabilistic computation tree logic (PCTL) properties of an LLM text generation process. We empirically show that only a limited number of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Dennis Gross , Helge Spieker , Arnaud Gotlieb

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in software engineering (SE) tools, powering applications such as code generation, automated code review, and bug triage. As these LLM-based AI for Software Engineering (AI4SE) systems…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Utku Boran Torun , Veli Karakaya , Ali Babar , Eray Tüzün

Formal methods have been employed for requirements verification for a long time. However, it is difficult to automatically derive properties from natural language requirements. SpecVerify addresses this challenge by integrating large…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Weiqi Wang , Marie Farrell , Lucas C. Cordeiro , Liping Zhao

Multi-turn interaction length is a dominant factor in the operational costs of conversational LLMs. In this work, we present a new failure mode in conversational LLMs: turn amplification, in which a model consistently prolongs multi-turn…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Zachary Coalson , Bo Fang , Sanghyun Hong
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