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One of the most promising paths towards large scale fault tolerant quantum computation is the use of quantum error correcting stabilizer codes. Just like every other quantum circuit, these codes must be compiled to hardware in a way to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 Sahil Khan , Suhas Vittal , Kenneth Brown , Jonathan Baker

As quantum computing technology matures, industry is adopting modular quantum architectures to keep quantum scaling on the projected path and meet performance targets. However, the complexity of chiplet-based quantum devices, coupled with…

Electronic structure calculations of molecular systems are among the most promising applications for fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC) in quantum chemistry and drug design. However, while recent algorithmic advancements such as…

Lattice surgery is a leading approach for implementing fault-tolerant logical operations in surface code quantum computing, but compiling efficient lattice surgery layouts remains challenging. Existing compilers are largely circuit-centric…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-31 Junyu Zhou , Yuhao Liu , Ethan Decker , Justin Kalloor , Mathias Weiden , Kean Chen , Costin Iancu , Gushu Li

Design space exploration (DSE) plays an important role in optimising quantum circuit execution by systematically evaluating different configurations of compilation strategies and hardware settings. In this work, we study the impact of…

In this work, we introduce a method to construct fault-tolerant measurement-based quantum computation (MBQC) architectures and numerically estimate their performance over various types of networks. A possible application of such a paradigm…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-07 Yves van Montfort , Sébastian de Bone , David Elkouss

We address interconnection challenges in limited-qubit superconducting quantum computers (SQC), which often face crosstalk errors due to expanded qubit interactions during operations. Existing mitigation methods carry trade-offs, like…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-02 Leanghok Hour , Sovanmonynuth Heng , Sengthai Heng , Myeongseong Go , Youngsun Han

As we are entering an early-FTQC era, circuit execution protocols with logical qubits and certain error-correcting codes are being discussed. Here, we propose a circuit execution protocol for the space-time efficient analog rotation (STAR)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Tomochika Kurita

Quantum Error Correction (QEC) codes are essential for achieving fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). However, their implementation faces significant challenges due to disparity between required dense qubit connectivity and sparse…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-12 Keyi Yin , Hezi Zhang , Xiang Fang , Yunong Shi , Travis Humble , Ang Li , Yufei Ding

Quantum computing is expected to become a foundational technology for solving problems that exceed the capabilities of classical systems. As quantum algorithms and hardware technologies continue to advance, the need for scalable…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-01 Folkert de Ronde , Stephan Wong , Sebastian Feld

This paper discusses the compilation, optimization, and error mitigation of quantum algorithms, essential steps to execute real-world quantum algorithms. Quantum algorithms running on a hybrid platform with QPU and CPU/GPU take advantage of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-23 Shuangbao Paul Wang , Jianzhou Mao , Eric Sakk

Recent experimental progress in realizing surface code on hardware, including demonstrations of break-even logical memory on devices with up to hundreds of physical qubits, has materially advanced the prospects for fault-tolerant quantum…

Early demonstrations of fault tolerant quantum systems have paved the way for logical-level compilation. For fault-tolerant applications to succeed, execution must finish with a low total program error rate (i.e., a low program failure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-19 Sayam Sethi , Sahil Khan , Maxwell Poster , Abhinav Anand , Jonathan Mark Baker

Over the past decade, research in quantum computing has tended to fall into one of two camps: near-term intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) and fault-tolerant quantum computing (FTQC). Yet, a growing body of work has been investigating how to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-02 Amara Katabarwa , Katerina Gratsea , Athena Caesura , Peter D. Johnson

As there is no quantum error correction code with universal set of transversal gates, several approaches have been proposed which, in combination of transversal gates, make universal fault-tolerant quantum computation possible. Magic state…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Eesa Nikahd , Morteza Saheb Zamani , Mehdi Sedighi

Scaling up quantum computers to attain substantial speedups over classical computing requires fault tolerance. Conventionally, protocols for fault-tolerant quantum computation demand excessive space overheads by using many physical qubits…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-29 Hayata Yamasaki , Masato Koashi

Hamiltonian simulation is one of the most promising candidates for the demonstration of quantum advantage within the next ten years, and several studies have proposed end-to-end resource estimates for executing such algorithms on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-11 Tyler LeBlond , Ryan S. Bennink

Large-scale fault-tolerant quantum computation requires compiling logical circuits into physical operations tailored to a given architecture. Prior work addressing this challenge has mostly focused on the surface code and lattice surgery…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-12 Laura S. Herzog , Lucas Berent , Aleksander Kubica , Robert Wille

Recent progress on concatenated codes, especially many-hypercube codes, achieves unprecedented space efficiency. Yet two critical challenges persist in practice. First, these codes lack efficient implementations of addressable logical…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Pengyu Liu , Mingkuan Xu , Hengyun Zhou , Hanrui Wang , Umut A. Acar , Yunong Shi

Fault-tolerant quantum computation critically depends on architectures uniting high encoding rates with physical implementability. Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes, including bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, achieve dramatic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-24 Yingli Yang , Guo Zhang , Ying Li