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Related papers: Gravitational-wave Tomography of the Moon: Constra…

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Gravitational waves (GWs) in the $0.01\sim1$ Hz band encode unique signatures of the early universe and merging compact objects, but they are beyond the reach of existing observatories. Theoretical models suggest that the Moon could act as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-22 Lei Zhang , Han Yan , Xian Chen , Jinhai Zhang

The response of the Moon to gravitational waves (GWs) is used by some of the proposed lunar GW detectors like the Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna (LGWA) to turn the Moon into an antenna for GWs. The deep connection between the lunar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-11 Xiaoming Bi , Jan Harms

In the light of the recent advances in lunar space missions a great interest into using Moon as a future environment for gravitational waves (GWs) detectors has been initiated. Moon offers a unique environment for such detectors due to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-03-12 Josipa Majstorović , Léon Vidal , Philippe Lognonné

Motivated by the old idea of using the moon as a resonant gravitational-wave (GW) detector, as well as the recent updates in modeling the lunar response to GWs, we re-evaluate the feasibility of using a network of lunar seismometers to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-10-23 Han Yan , Xian Chen , Jinhai Zhang , Fan Zhang , Lijing Shao , Mengyao Wang

New concepts were recently proposed for gravitational-wave (GW) detectors on the Moon. These include laser-interferometric detectors, proposed as free-range or optical-fiber interferometers, and inertial acceleration sensors. Some of them…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-08-29 Jan Harms

The recent increasing interest in detecting gravitational waves (GWs) by lunar seismic measurement urges us to have a clear understanding of the response of the moon to passing GWs. In this paper, we clarify the relationship between two…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-04-09 Han Yan , Xian Chen , Jinhai Zhang , Fan Zhang , Mengyao Wang , Lijing Shao

It has been suggested to use seismic detectors on the Moon as a tool to search for gravitational waves in an intermediate frequency range between mHz and Hz. Employing three different spherically symmetric models for the lunar interior, we…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-26 M. Kachelriess , M. P. Nødtvedt

The Moon has been long regarded as a natural resonator of gravitational waves (GWs) since 1960, showing great potential to fill the frequency gap left behind GW detections by ground- or space-based laser interferometry. However, the spatial…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-03 Lei Zhang , Jinhai Zhang , Han Yan , Xian Chen

The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna (LGWA) is a proposed array of next-generation inertial sensors to monitor the response of the Moon to gravitational waves (GWs). Given the size of the Moon and the expected noise produced by the lunar…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-07 Parameswaran Ajith , Pau Amaro Seoane , Manuel Arca Sedda , Riccardo Arcodia , Francesca Badaracco , Biswajit Banerjee , Enis Belgacem , Giovanni Benetti , Stefano Benetti , Alexey Bobrick , Alessandro Bonforte , Elisa Bortolas , Valentina Braito , Marica Branchesi , Adam Burrows , Enrico Cappellaro , Roberto Della Ceca , Chandrachur Chakraborty , Shreevathsa Chalathadka Subrahmanya , Michael W. Coughlin , Stefano Covino , Andrea Derdzinski , Aayushi Doshi , Maurizio Falanga , Stefano Foffa , Alessia Franchini , Alessandro Frigeri , Yoshifumi Futaana , Oliver Gerberding , Kiranjyot Gill , Matteo Di Giovanni , Ines Francesca Giudice , Margherita Giustini , Philipp Gläser , Jan Harms , Joris van Heijningen , Francesco Iacovelli , Bradley J. Kavanagh , Taichi Kawamura , Arun Kenath , Elisabeth-Adelheid Keppler , Chiaki Kobayashi , Goro Komatsu , Valeriya Korol , N. V. Krishnendu , Prayush Kumar , Francesco Longo , Michele Maggiore , Michele Mancarella , Andrea Maselli , Alessandra Mastrobuono-Battisti , Francesco Mazzarini , Andrea Melandri , Daniele Melini , Sabrina Menina , Giovanni Miniutti , Deeshani Mitra , Javier Morán-Fraile , Suvodip Mukherjee , Niccolò Muttoni , Marco Olivieri , Francesca Onori , Maria Alessandra Papa , Ferdinando Patat , Andrea Perali , Tsvi Piran , Silvia Piranomonte , Alberto Roper Pol , Masroor C. Pookkillath , R. Prasad , Vaishak Prasad , Alessandra De Rosa , Sourav Roy Chowdhury , Roberto Serafinelli , Alberto Sesana , Paola Severgnini , Angela Stallone , Jacopo Tissino , Hrvoje Tkalčić , Lina Tomasella , Martina Toscani , David Vartanyan , Cristian Vignali , Lucia Zaccarelli , Morgane Zeoli , Luciano Zuccarello

The Moon has been regarded as a natural Weber bar capable of amplifying gravitational waves (GWs) for detecting events across a wide range of frequencies. However, accurately determining the amplification effects remains challenging due to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-29 Lei Zhang , Han Yan , Jinhai Zhang , Xian Chen

The interaction of a gravitational wave (GW) with an elastic body is usually described in terms of a GW "force" driving the oscillations of the body's normal modes. However, this description is only possible for GW frequencies for which the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-03-26 Enis Belgacem , Michele Maggiore , Thomas Moreau

Several large-scale experimental facilities and space-missions are being suggested to probe the universe across the gravitational-wave (GW) spectrum. Here we propose Gravitational-wave Lunar Observatory for Cosmology (GLOC) - the first…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-12-24 Karan Jani , Abraham Loeb

In the presence of a weak gravitational wave (GW) background, astrophysical binary systems act as high-quality resonators, with efficient transfer of energy and momentum between the orbit and a harmonic GW leading to potentially detectable…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-23 Joshua W. Foster , Diego Blas , Adrien Bourgoin , Aurelien Hees , Míriam Herrero-Valea , Alexander C. Jenkins , Xiao Xue

Lunar gravitational-wave (GW) detectors relying on the measurement of the response of the Moon to GWs are susceptible to a seismic background, which might pose a fundamental sensitivity limitation. The Lunar Gravitational-wave Antenna…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2026-04-29 Han Yan , Jan Harms

Previous studies of the response of the Moon to gravitational waves have been carried out using analytical or semi-analytical models assuming ideal lunar structures. Such models are advantageous for their high-speed calculation but fail to…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-02-24 Lei Zhang , Han Yan , Xian Chen , Jinhai Zhang

A new era of lunar exploration has begun with participation of all major space agencies. This activity brings opportunities for revolutionary science experiments and observatories on the Moon. The idea of a lunar gravitational-wave detector…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-26 Andrea Cozzumbo , Benedetta Mestichelli , Marco Mirabile , Lavinia Paiella , Jacopo Tissino , Jan Harms

Gravitational-wave (GW) astronomy is transforming our understanding of the Universe by probing phenomena invisible to electromagnetic observatories. A comprehensive exploration of the GW frequency spectrum is essential to fully harness this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-14 Diego Blas , Alexander C. Jenkins

We lay a theoretical foundation in the observation of gravitational waves (GWs) by electromagnetic waves (EMWs) performing a full electromagnetic analysis without any optical approximation. For that, the perturbation of plane EMWs is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-22 Chan Park

The Laser Interferometer Lunar Antenna (LILA), a concept for measuring sub-Hz gravitational waves on the Moon, would use laser strainmeters to obtain extremely sensitive strain measurements from 1 mHz to 1 Hz. With proposed strain…

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