Related papers: Vision-Based Runtime Monitoring under Varying Spec…
Runtime Verification deals with the question of whether a run of a system adheres to its specification. This paper studies runtime verification in the presence of partial knowledge about the observed run, particularly where input values may…
Runtime verification encompasses several lightweight techniques for checking whether a system's current execution satisfies a given specification. We focus on runtime verification for Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). Previous work describes…
Runtime monitoring is commonly used to detect the violation of desired properties in safety critical cyber-physical systems by observing its executions. Bauer et al. introduced an influential framework for monitoring Linear Temporal Logic…
Runtime monitoring of autonomous systems traditionally relies on mapping continuous sensor observations to discrete logical propositions defined over low-dimensional state variables. This abstraction breaks down in perception-driven…
Temporal logics (TLs) have been widely used to formalize interpretable tasks for cyber-physical systems. Time Window Temporal Logic (TWTL) has been recently proposed as a specification language for dynamical systems. In particular, it can…
Runtime verification is an effective automated method for specification-based offline testing and analysis as well as online monitoring of complex systems. The specification language is often a variant of regular expressions or a popular…
In learning-enabled autonomous systems, safety monitoring of learned components is crucial to ensure their outputs do not lead to system safety violations, given the operational context of the system. However, developing a safety monitor…
Runtime Verification is a lightweight formal verification technique. It is used to verify at runtime whether the system under analysis behaves as expected. The expected behaviour is usually formally specified by means of properties, which…
Runtime verification is a lightweight verification technique that complements model checking by analyzing system executions at runtime rather than exploring a complete system model in advance. It is particularly useful for partially…
We consider the problem of predictive monitoring (PM), i.e., predicting at runtime the satisfaction of a desired property from the current system's state. Due to its relevance for runtime safety assurance and online control, PM methods need…
This paper establishes a comprehensive theory of runtime monitorability for Hennessy-Milner logic with recursion, a very expressive variant of the modal $\mu$-calculus. It investigates the monitorability of that logic with a linear-time…
This paper investigates the online monitoring problem for cyber-physical systems under signal temporal logic (STL) specifications. The objective is to design an online monitor that evaluates system correctness at runtime based on partial…
Runtime verification (RV) consists in dynamically verifying that the event traces generated by single runs of a system under scrutiny (SUS) are compliant with the formal specification of its expected properties. RML (Runtime Monitoring…
Runtime monitoring is generally considered a light-weight alternative to formal verification. In safety-critical systems, however, the monitor itself is a critical component. For example, if the monitor is responsible for initiating…
Runtime verification enables checking temporal logic specifications over individual execution traces and offers a scalable alternative to exhaustive formal verification. In practice, systems must satisfy dozens to hundreds of temporal…
We are interested in predicting failures of cyber-physical systems during their operation. Particularly, we consider stochastic systems and signal temporal logic specifications, and we want to calculate the probability that the current…
Runtime verification (RV) consists in dynamically verifying that the event traces generated by single runs of a system under scrutiny (SUS) are compliant with the formal specification of its expected properties. RML (Runtime Monitoring…
Formal verification provides strong safety guarantees but only for models of cyber-physical systems. Hybrid system models describe the required interplay of computation and physical dynamics, which is crucial to guarantee what computations…
This paper introduces the safety controller architecture as a runtime assurance mechanism for system specifications expressed as safety properties in Linear Temporal Logic (LTL). The safety controller has three fundamental components: a…
Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a formalism used to rigorously specify requirements of cyberphysical systems (CPS), i.e., systems mixing digital or discrete components in interaction with a continuous environment or analog com- ponents. STL…