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We consider the possibility of observing the onset of the late time inflation of our patch of the Universe. The Hubble size criterion and the event horizon criterion are applied to several dark energy models to discuss the problem of future…
Measurements of the primordial element abundances provide us with an important probe of our universe's early thermal history, allowing us to constrain the expansion rate and composition of our universe as early as $\sim 1 \, {\rm s}$ after…
We examine constraints obtained from SNIa surveys on a two parameter model of dark energy in which the equation of state $w (z) = P(z) / \rho (z)$ undergoes a transition over a period significantly shorter than the Hubble time. We find that…
Dark energy is the invisible fuel that seems to drive the current acceleration of the Universe. Its presence, which is inferred from an impressive convergence of high-quality observational results along with some sucessful theoretical…
The time evolution of a wormhole in a Friedmann universe approaching the Big Rip is studied. The wormhole is modeled by a thin spherical shell accreting the superquintessence fluid - two different models are presented. Contrary to recent…
In a universe dominated by a small cosmological constant or by eternal dark energy with equation of state w < -1/3, observers are surrounded by event horizons. The horizons limit how much of the universe the observers can ever access. We…
In the framework of a single scalar field quintom model with higher derivative, we construct in this paper a dark energy model of which the equation of state (EOS) $w$ crosses over the cosmological constant boundary. Interestingly during…
In this paper we analyse the possibility of having homogeneous isotropic cosmological models with observers reaching $t=\infty$ in finite proper time. It is shown that just observationally-suggested dark energy models with $w\in(-5/3,-1)$…
Current constraints on the dark energy equation of state parameter, $w$, are expected to be improved by more than one order of magnitude in the next decade. If $|w-1| \gsim 0.01$ around the present time, but the dark energy dynamics is…
Observational constraints on the abundance of primordial black holes (PBHs) constrain the allowed amplitude of the primordial power spectrum on both the smallest and the largest ranges of scales, covering over 20 decades from $1-10^{20}/…
We classify the future of the universe for general cosmological models including matter and dark energy. If the equation of state of dark energy is less then -1, the age of the universe becomes finite. We compute the rest of the age of the…
We show explicitly, by using astrophysical data plus reasonable assumptions for the bulk viscosity in the cosmic fluid, how the magnitude of this viscosity may be high enough to drive the fluid from its position in the quintessence region…
Here, cosmology of the late and future universe is obtained from $f(R)$-gravity with non-linear curvature terms $R^2$ and $R^3$ ($R$ being the Ricci scalar curvature). It is different from $f(R)$-dark enrgy models, where non-linear…
If the equation of state of dark energy is anisotropic there will be additional quadrupole anisotropy in the cosmic microwave background induced by the time dependent anisotropic stress quantified in terms of $\Delta w$. Assuming that the…
In order to investigate if the anisotropy of the spacetime may induce future singularities at a finite value of the cosmic time on the evolution of cosmological models, we study vacuum and non-vacuum Bianchi type I spacetimes exhibiting…
In the context of models where the dark energy density $\rD$ is a random variable, anthropic selection effects may explain both the "old" cosmological constant problem and the "time coincidence". We argue that this type of solution to both…
Here we consider a scenario in which dark energy is associated with the apparent area of a surface in the early universe. In order to resemble the cosmological constant at late times, this hypothetical reference scale should maintain an…
Non-negligible dark energy density at high redshifts would indicate dark energy physics distinct from a cosmological constant or ``reasonable'' canonical scalar fields. Such dark energy can be constrained tightly through investigation of…
The Dark Energy Survey (DES) and the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) measurements claim that the dark energy equation of state $w \ne -1$. This observation can be explained by the axion Dark Energy (aDE) model of an ultralight…
Inflationary cosmology predicts that the particle horizon should be generically much bigger than the present-day Hubble radius, $1/H_0$. This implies a special regime of super-Hubble scale energy density fluctuations imprinted on the cosmic…