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Long-term Time Series Forecasting (LTSF) is crucial across various domains, but complex deep models like Transformers are often prone to overfitting on extended sequences. Linear Fully Connected models have emerged as a powerful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yuang Zhao , Tianyu Li , Jiadong Chen , Shenrong Ye , Fuxin Jiang , Xiaofeng Gao

Time series forecasting is often fundamental to scientific and engineering problems and enables decision making. With ever increasing data set sizes, a trivial solution to scale up predictions is to assume independence between interacting…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Kashif Rasul , Abdul-Saboor Sheikh , Ingmar Schuster , Urs Bergmann , Roland Vollgraf

Time Series Forecasting (TSF) is an important application across many fields. There is a debate about whether Transformers, despite being good at understanding long sequences, struggle with preserving temporal relationships in time series…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Syed Tahir Hussain Rizvi , Neel Kanwal , Muddasar Naeem

This work presents a two-stage adaptive framework for progressively developing deep neural network (DNN) architectures that generalize well for a given training data set. In the first stage, a layerwise training approach is adopted where a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-24 C G Krishnanunni , Tan Bui-Thanh

Time series forecasting is crucial for various applications, such as weather, traffic, electricity, and energy predictions. Currently, common time series forecasting methods are based on Transformers. However, existing approaches primarily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Zixu Wang , Hongbin Dong , Xiaoping Zhang

Compounding error, where small prediction mistakes accumulate over time, presents a major challenge in learning-based control. A common remedy is to train multi-step predictors directly instead of rolling out single-step models. However, it…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-25 Anne Somalwar , Bruce D. Lee , George J. Pappas , Nikolai Matni

Many methods for time-series forecasting are known in classical statistics, such as autoregression, moving averages, and exponential smoothing. The DeepAR framework is a novel, recent approach for time-series forecasting based on deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Ayla Jungbluth , Johannes Lederer

Deep learning has contributed remarkably to the advancement of time series analysis. Still, deep models can encounter performance bottlenecks in real-world data-scarce scenarios, which can be concealed due to the performance saturation with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Yong Liu , Haoran Zhang , Chenyu Li , Xiangdong Huang , Jianmin Wang , Mingsheng Long

Deep learning is playing an increasingly important role in time series analysis. We focused on time series forecasting using attention free mechanism, a more efficient framework, and proposed a new architecture for time series prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Hugo Inzirillo , Ludovic De Villelongue

Although Transformer has made breakthrough success in widespread domains especially in Natural Language Processing (NLP), applying it to time series forecasting is still a great challenge. In time series forecasting, the autoregressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-01 Kai Chen , Guang Chen , Dan Xu , Lijun Zhang , Yuyao Huang , Alois Knoll

Forecasting models are pivotal in a data-driven world with vast volumes of time series data that appear as a compound of vast Linear and Nonlinear patterns. Recent deep time series forecasting models struggle to utilize seasonal and trend…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Guoqi Yu , Yaoming Li , Xiaoyu Guo , Dayu Wang , Zirui Liu , Shujun Wang , Tong Yang

Vector autoregression (VAR) is a fundamental tool for modeling multivariate time series. However, as the number of component series is increased, the VAR model becomes overparameterized. Several authors have addressed this issue by…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-09-09 William B. Nicholson , Ines Wilms , Jacob Bien , David S. Matteson

Time series forecasting under distribution shift remains challenging, as existing deep learning models often rely on local statistical normalization (e.g., mean and variance) that fails to capture global distribution shift. Methods like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Yujie Li , Zezhi Shao , Chengqing Yu , Yisong Fu , Tao Sun , Yongjun Xu , Fei Wang

Multi-step forecasting (MSF) in time-series, the ability to make predictions multiple time steps into the future, is fundamental to almost all temporal domains. To make such forecasts, one must assume the recursive complexity of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Riku Green , Grant Stevens , Telmo de Menezes e Silva Filho , Zahraa Abdallah

Attention-based architectures have become ubiquitous in time series forecasting tasks, including spatio-temporal (STF) and long-term time series forecasting (LTSF). Yet, our understanding of the reasons for their effectiveness remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Suhan Guo , Jiahong Deng , Yi Wei , Hui Dou , Furao Shen , Jian Zhao

Time series forecasting plays a critical role in domains such as transportation, energy, and meteorology. Despite their success, modern deep forecasting models are typically trained to minimize point-wise prediction loss without leveraging…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Xiannan Huang , Shen Fang , Shuhan Qiu , Chengcheng Yu , Jiayuan Du , Chao Yang

Recent innovations in diffusion probabilistic models have paved the way for significant progress in image, text and audio generation, leading to their applications in generative time series forecasting. However, leveraging such abilities to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yuansan Liu , Sudanthi Wijewickrema , Dongting Hu , Christofer Bester , Stephen O'Leary , James Bailey

Conventional time-series forecasting methods typically aim to minimize overall prediction error, without accounting for the varying importance of different forecast ranges in downstream applications. We propose a training methodology that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Luca-Andrei Fechete , Mohamed Sana , Fadhel Ayed , Nicola Piovesan , Wenjie Li , Antonio De Domenico , Tareq Si Salem

Benefiting from high capacity for capturing complex temporal patterns, deep learning (DL) has significantly advanced time series forecasting (TSF). However, deep models tend to suffer from severe overfitting due to the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Yisong Fu , Zezhi Shao , Chengqing Yu , Yujie Li , Zhulin An , Qi Wang , Yongjun Xu , Fei Wang

Real-world time series are influenced by numerous factors and exhibit complex non-stationary characteristics. Non-stationarity can lead to distribution shifts, where the statistical properties of time series change over time, negatively…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Zipo Jibao , Yingyi Fu , Xinyang Chen , Guoting Chen