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The vectorial structure of light, amplitude, phase, and polarization, encodes essential information for applications ranging from super-resolution microscopy to high-capacity communications and quantum information processing. However,…

We propose and experimentally demonstrate a polarization--based steganographic scheme using partially polarized vector beams. In our approach, the spatially dependent polarization structure of the optical field serves as the carrier through…

We report the efficient creation and detection of hybrid entanglement between one photon's polarization and another photon's complex transverse polarization pattern. The polarization measurement of the first photon triggers a polarization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-06-18 Robert Fickler , Radek Lapkiewicz , Sven Ramelow , Anton Zeilinger

In vector tomography (VT), the aim is to reconstruct an unknown multi-dimensional vector field using line integral data. In the case of a 2-dimensional VT, two types of line integral data are usually required. These data correspond to…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2025-07-18 Alexandra Koulouri , Mike Brookes , Ville Rimpilainen

Vectorial forms of structured light that are non-separable in their spatial and polarisation degrees of freedom have become topical of late, with an extensive toolkit for their creation and control. In contrast, the toolkit for quantifying…

Optical aberrations have been studied for centuries, placing fundamental limits on the achievable resolution in focusing and imaging. In the context of structured light, the spatial pattern is distorted in amplitude and phase, often arising…

In two dimensions, we consider the problem of reconstructing a vector field from partial knowledge of its zeroth and first moment ray transforms. Different from existing works the data is known on a subset of lines, namely the ones…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-23 Hiroshi Fujiwara , Kamran Sadiq , Alexandru Tamasan

Increasing the complexity of a light field through the advanced manipulation of its degrees of freedom (DoF) provides new opportunities for fundamental studies and technologies. Correlating polarization with the light's spatial or spectral…

Optics · Physics 2026-03-12 Lea Kopf , Rafael Barros , Robert Fickler

We introduce a framework for the reconstruction of the amplitude, phase and polarisation of an optical vector-field using calibration measurements acquired by an imaging device with an unknown linear transformation. By incorporating…

States of light encoding multiple polarizations - vector beams - offer unique capabilities in metrology and communication. However, their practical application is limited by the lack of methods for measuring many polarizations in a scalable…

Optics · Physics 2022-09-13 Davide Pierangeli , Claudio Conti

Vector beams are inhomogeneously polarized optical fields with nonseparable, quantum-like correlations between their polarisation and spatial components, and hold tremendous promise for classical and quantum communication across various…

Vector beams are often regarded as non-separable superpositions of spatial and polarization degrees of freedom that satisfy the wave equation. This interpretation ties their polarization structure to their spatial shape. Here, we introduce…

Vector tomography methods intend to reconstruct and visualize vector fields in restricted domains by measuring line integrals of projections of these vector fields. Here, we deal with the reconstruction of irrotational vector functions from…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2017-05-03 Alexandra Koulouri

Sensing with undetected photons allows access to spectral regions with simultaneous detection of photons of another region and is based on nonlinear interferometry. To obtain the full information of a sample, the corresponding interferogram…

The ability to measure polarisation, spectrum, temporal dynamics, and spatial amplitude and phase of optical beams is essential to study fundamental phenomena in laser dynamics, telecommunications and nonlinear optics. Current…

Polarisation holography generally demands polarisation-sensitive holograms for reconstructing either polarisation-multiplexed holographic images or polarisation-sensitive image channels. To date, polarisation holography is underpinned by…

Optics · Physics 2022-07-22 Haoran Ren

Highly confined vectorial electromagnetic field distributions represent an excellent tool for detailed studies in nano-optics and high resolution microscopy, such as nonlinear microscopy, advanced fluorescence imaging or nanoplasmonics.…

Optics · Physics 2014-07-03 Thomas Bauer , Sergej Orlov , Ulf Peschel , Peter Banzer , Gerd Leuchs

Vectorial structured light with spatially varying amplitude, phase, and polarization is reshaping many areas of modern optics, including nonlinear optics, as diverse parametric processes can be used to explore interactions between such…

Vector vortex beams, featuring independent spatial modes in orthogonal polarization components, offer an increase in information density for emerging applications in both classical and quantum communication technology. Recent advances in…

Vector beams (VBs) are fully polarized beams with spatially varying polarization distributions, and they have found widespread use in numerous applications such as microscopy, metrology, optical trapping, nano-photonics, and communications.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-23 Xiaoqin Gao , Yingwen Zhang , Alessio D'Errico , Alicia Sit , Khabat Heshami , Ebrahim Karimi
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