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We introduce a novel learning and planning framework that replaces traditional reward-based optimisation with constructive logical inference. In our model, actions, transitions, and goals are represented as logical propositions, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Andrei T. Patrascu

Current theoretical and computational models of dopamine-based reinforcement learning are largely rooted in the classical behaviorist tradition, and envision the organism as a purely reactive recipient of rewards and punishments, with…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2014-05-01 Randall C. O'Reilly , Thomas E. Hazy , Jessica Mollick , Prescott Mackie , Seth Herd

Large Language Model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on long-term memory and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to persist experiences and refine future performance. While this experience learning capability enhances agentic autonomy, it…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Saksham Sahai Srivastava , Haoyu He

Spatial cognition enables adaptive goal-directed behavior by constructing internal models of space. Robust biological systems consolidate spatial knowledge into three interconnected forms: \textit{landmarks} for salient cues, \textit{route…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Shouwei Ruan , Liyuan Wang , Caixin Kang , Qihui Zhu , Songming Liu , Xingxing Wei , Hang Su

By learning a sequence of tasks continually, an agent in continual learning (CL) can improve the learning performance of both a new task and `old' tasks by leveraging the forward knowledge transfer and the backward knowledge transfer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Sen Lin , Li Yang , Deliang Fan , Junshan Zhang

The Forward-Forward Learning (FFL) algorithm is a recently proposed solution for training neural networks without needing memory-intensive backpropagation. During training, labels accompany input data, classifying them as positive or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Ali Karkehabadi , Houman Homayoun , Avesta Sasan

Although Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate proficiency in knowledge-intensive tasks, current interfaces frequently precipitate cognitive misalignment by failing to externalize users' underlying reasoning structures. Existing tools…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Anqi Wang , Dongyijie Pan , Xin Tong , Pan Hui

Autonomous AI is no longer a hard-to-reach concept, it enables the agents to move beyond executing tasks to independently addressing complex problems, adapting to change while handling the uncertainty of the environment. However, what makes…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-05-12 Zinan Liu , Haoran Li , Jingyi Lu , Gaoyuan Ma , Xu Hong , Giovanni Iacca , Arvind Kumar , Shaojun Tang , Lin Wang

Modern analytics systems are fundamentally reactive, requiring users to define queries over increasingly complex and continuously evolving data. In real-time streaming environments, this paradigm breaks down, as the space of potential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Gaetano Rossiello , Dharmashankar Subramanian

Continual Learning is considered a key step toward next-generation Artificial Intelligence. Among various methods, replay-based approaches that maintain and replay a small episodic memory of previous samples are one of the most successful…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-27 Guangji Bai , Chen Ling , Yuyang Gao , Liang Zhao

Transformers have increasingly outperformed gated RNNs in obtaining new state-of-the-art results on supervised tasks involving text sequences. Inspired by this trend, we study the question of how Transformer-based models can improve the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-19 Ricky Loynd , Roland Fernandez , Asli Celikyilmaz , Adith Swaminathan , Matthew Hausknecht

We present an agentic, autonomous graph expansion framework that iteratively structures and refines knowledge in situ. Unlike conventional knowledge graph construction methods relying on static extraction or single-pass learning, our…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Markus J. Buehler

We introduce Neuro-Symbolic Continual Learning, where a model has to solve a sequence of neuro-symbolic tasks, that is, it has to map sub-symbolic inputs to high-level concepts and compute predictions by reasoning consistently with prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Emanuele Marconato , Gianpaolo Bontempo , Elisa Ficarra , Simone Calderara , Andrea Passerini , Stefano Teso

Existing methods for AI psychological counselors predominantly rely on supervised fine-tuning using static dialogue datasets. However, this contrasts with human experts, who continuously refine their proficiency through clinical practice…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Yutao Yang , Junsong Li , Qianjun Pan , Jie Zhou , Kai Chen , Qin Chen , Jingyuan Zhao , Ningning Zhou , Xin Li , Liang He

As generative agents become increasingly sophisticated and deployed in long-term interactive scenarios, their memory management capabilities emerge as a critical bottleneck for both performance and privacy. Current approaches either…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Saad Alqithami

GUI agents are beginning to operate the web, mobile, and desktop as interactive worlds, where successful control depends on carrying forward visual, procedural, and task-level evidence beyond the fleeting present screen. Yet most agents…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Guibin Zhang , Yaohui Ling , Fanci Meng , Kun Wang , Shuicheng Yan

Language agents increasingly operate over streams of related tasks, yet existing memory systems struggle to convert accumulated experience into reusable knowledge. Retrieval-augmented and structured memory methods record per-session…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Chongrui Ye , Yuxiang Liu , Yu Wang , Haofei Yu , Yining Zhao , Ge Liu , Julian McAuley , Jiaxuan You

Generative modeling has recently shown remarkable promise for visuomotor policy learning, enabling flexible and expressive control across diverse embodied AI tasks. However, existing generative policies often struggle with data…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Jianlei Chang , Ruofeng Mei , Wei Ke , Xiangyu Xu

The inherent non-deterministic nature of autonomous agents, particularly within low-code/no-code (LCNC) environments, presents significant reliability challenges. Agents can become trapped in unforeseen loops, generate inaccurate outputs,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Jiexi Xu

Deploying large language models (LLMs) as autonomous browser agents exposes a significant attack surface in the form of Indirect Prompt Injection (IPI). Cloud-based defenses can provide strong semantic analysis, but they introduce latency…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Qianlong Lan , Anuj Kaul