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In recent years, a variety of powerful LLM-based agentic systems have been applied to automate complex tasks through task orchestration. However, existing orchestration methods still face key challenges, including strategy collapse under…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Mingda Zhang , Tiesunlong Shen , Haoran Luo , Wenjin Liu , Zikai Xiao , Erik Cambria , Xiaoying Tang

Interacting with the actual environment to acquire data is often costly and time-consuming in robotic tasks. Model-based offline reinforcement learning (RL) provides a feasible solution. On the one hand, it eliminates the requirements of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Pengqin Wang , Meixin Zhu , Shaojie Shen

Recent advancements in state-of-the-art (SOTA) offline reinforcement learning (RL) have primarily focused on addressing function approximation errors, which contribute to the overestimation of Q-values for out-of-distribution actions, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Pulkit Agrawal , Rukma Talwadker , Aditya Pareek , Tridib Mukherjee

Score-function based methods for policy learning, such as REINFORCE and PPO, have delivered strong results in game-playing and robotics, yet their high variance often undermines training stability. Using pathwise policy gradients, i.e.…

Diffusion policies are expressive yet incur high inference latency. Flow Matching (FM) enables one-step generation, but integrating it into Maximum Entropy Reinforcement Learning (MaxEnt RL) is challenging: the optimal policy is an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Zeqiao Li , Yijing Wang , Haoyu Wang , Zheng Li , Zhiqiang Zuo

The primary goal of reinforcement learning is to develop decision-making policies that prioritize optimal performance without considering risk or safety. In contrast, safe reinforcement learning aims to mitigate or avoid unsafe states. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-13 Zahra Shahrooei , Ali Baheri

Modern reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have found success by using powerful probabilistic models, such as transformers, energy-based models, and diffusion/flow-based models. To this end, RL researchers often choose to pay the price…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Raj Ghugare , Benjamin Eysenbach

Flow-based generative models have shown remarkable success in text-to-image generation, yet fine-tuning them with intermediate feedback remains challenging, especially for continuous-time flow matching models. Most existing approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Jiajun Fan , Chaoran Cheng , Shuaike Shen , Xiangxin Zhou , Ge Liu

While behavior cloning with flow/diffusion policies excels at learning complex skills from demonstrations, it remains vulnerable to distributional shift, and standard RL methods struggle to fine-tune these models due to their iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Mingyang Sun , Pengxiang Ding , Weinan Zhang , Donglin Wang

Strong semantic representations improve the convergence and generation quality of diffusion and flow models. Existing approaches largely rely on external models, which require separate training, operate on misaligned objectives, and exhibit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Hila Chefer , Patrick Esser , Dominik Lorenz , Dustin Podell , Vikash Raja , Vinh Tong , Antonio Torralba , Robin Rombach

Model-free deep reinforcement learning (RL) methods have been successful in a wide variety of simulated domains. However, a major obstacle facing deep RL in the real world is their high sample complexity. Batch policy gradient methods offer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-03-01 Shixiang Gu , Timothy Lillicrap , Zoubin Ghahramani , Richard E. Turner , Sergey Levine

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has proven highly effective in addressing complex control and decision-making tasks. However, in most traditional RL algorithms, the policy is typically parameterized as a diagonal Gaussian distribution, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ruijie Hao , Longfei Zhang , Yang Dai , Yang Ma , Xingxing Liang , Guangquan Cheng

Generative models, especially diffusion and flow-based models, have been promising in offline multi-agent reinforcement learning. However, integrating powerful generative models into this framework poses unique challenges. In particular,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Zhuoran Li , Xun Wang , Hai Zhong , Qingxin Xia , Lihua Zhang , Longbo Huang

This paper investigates energy guidance in generative modeling, where the target distribution is defined as $q(\mathbf x) \propto p(\mathbf x)\exp(-\beta \mathcal E(\mathbf x))$, with $p(\mathbf x)$ being the data distribution and $\mathcal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Shiyuan Zhang , Weitong Zhang , Quanquan Gu

We study behavior-regularized reinforcement learning (RL), where regularization toward a reference distribution (the dataset in offline RL or the base model in LLM RL finetuning) is essential to prevent value over-optimization caused by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Haoran Xu , Kaiwen Hu , Somayeh Sojoudi , Amy Zhang

We propose a reinforcement learning (RL) framework for the dynamic selection of the filter parameter in Evolve-Filter (EF) regularization strategies for incompressible turbulent flows. Instead of prescribing the filter radius heuristically,…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Anna Ivagnes , Maria Strazzullo , Gianluigi Rozza

In this work, we present a scalable reinforcement learning method for training multi-task policies from large offline datasets that can leverage both human demonstrations and autonomously collected data. Our method uses a Transformer to…

This paper introduces EnergyFlow, a framework that unifies generative action modeling with inverse reinforcement learning by parameterizing a scalar energy function whose gradient is the denoising field. We establish that under…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yanbiao Ji , Qiuchang Li , Yuting Hu , Shaokai Wu , Wenyuan Xie , Guodong Zhang , Qicheng He , Deyi Ji , Yue Ding , Hongtao Lu

Offline goal-conditioned reinforcement learning (GCRL) is a practical reinforcement learning paradigm that aims to learn goal-conditioned policies from reward-free offline data. Despite recent advances in hierarchical architectures such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhiqiang Dong , Teng Pang , Rongjian Xu , Guoqiang Wu

We propose ReinFlow, a simple yet effective online reinforcement learning (RL) framework that fine-tunes a family of flow matching policies for continuous robotic control. Derived from rigorous RL theory, ReinFlow injects learnable noise…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Tonghe Zhang , Chao Yu , Sichang Su , Yu Wang