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AI-native software development is often evaluated at the level of individual models, prompts, or generated artifacts. This framing is insufficient for production environments where software must be continuously produced, verified, deployed,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Satadru Sengupta , Tamunokorite Briggs , Ivan Myshakivskyi

AI agents are increasingly deployed on complex, domain-specific workflows -- navigating enterprise web applications that require dozens of clicks and form fills, orchestrating multi-step research pipelines that span search, extraction, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Haebin Seong , Li Yin , Haoran Zhang , Zhan Shi

Harnesses are now central to coding-agent performance, mediating how models interact with tools and execution environments. Yet harness engineering remains a manual craft, because automating it faces a heterogeneous action space across…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiahang Lin , Shichun Liu , Chengjun Pan , Lizhi Lin , Shihan Dou , Zhiheng Xi , Xuanjing Huang , Hang Yan , Zhenhua Han , Tao Gui , Yu-Gang Jiang

This paper studies the next major bottleneck in agentic AI as system scaling, not only model scaling: the design of auditable, persistent, modular, and verifiable architectures around foundation models. We refer to this shift as scaling the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Shangding Gu

Affordance grounding requires identifying where and how an agent should interact in open-world scenes, where actionable regions are often small, occluded, reflective, and visually ambiguous. Recent systems therefore combine multiple skills…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Haojian Huang , Jiahao Shi , Yinchuan Li , Yingcong Chen

AI agents are entering high-risk production settings, where they use tools, retain context, follow policies, handle private data, and interact with users over multiple turns. Yet many evaluation methods still judge isolated outputs or…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Fouad Bousetouane

Recent large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong capabilities in understanding and generating code, from competitive programming to repository-level software engineering. In emerging agentic systems, code is no longer only a…

Large Language Models produce a controllability gap in safety-critical engineering: even low rates of undetected constraint violations render a system undeployable. Current orchestration paradigms suffer from sycophantic compliance, context…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Tianbao Zhang

AI-based systems, currently driven largely by LLMs and tool-using agentic harnesses, are increasingly discussed as a possible threat to software engineering. Foundation models get stronger, agents can plan and act across multiple steps, and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Robert Feldt , Per Lenberg , Julian Frattini , Dhasarathy Parthasarathy

As autonomous coding agents become capable of handling increasingly long-horizon tasks, they have gradually demonstrated the potential to complete end-to-end software development. Although existing benchmarks have recently evolved from…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Qingnan Ren , Shun Zou , Shiting Huang , Ziao Zhang , Kou Shi , Zhen Fang , Yiming Zhao , Yu Zeng , Qisheng Su , Lin Chen , Yong Wang , Zehui Chen , Xiangxiang Chu , Feng Zhao

LLM agents are increasingly deployed as executable systems that use tools, modify workspaces, and produce concrete artifacts. In such workflows, performance depends not only on the base model, but also on the harness: the system layer that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yilun Yao , Xinyu Tan , Chao-Hsuan Liu , Yaoming Li , Zhengyang Wang , Wenhan Yu , Zhewen Tan , Yuxuan Tian , Guangxiang Zhao , Lin Sun , Xiangzheng Zhang , Tong Yang

Recent advances in agentic systems increasingly treat code as an executable operational substrate rather than as a disposable output artifact. Prior work such as \emph{Code as Agent Harness} frames validated agent-generated artifacts as…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Mariano Garralda-Barrio

General-purpose agents perform tasks in unfamiliar environments without domain-specific manual customization. Yet no study has systematically measured how agent architecture shapes performance across heterogeneous protocols and diverse…

Evaluation harnesses are software systems that orchestrate model evaluation by managing model invocation, data loading, metric computation, and result reporting. Despite their critical role in machine learning infrastructure, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhimin Zhao , Zehao Wang , Abdul Ali Bangash , Bram Adams , Ahmed E. Hassan

Time series research is moving beyond fixed forecasting benchmarks toward realistic tasks that combine prediction, contextual reasoning, tool use, and structured decision support. Most benchmarks are built around clean data and short…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Tianxiang Zhan , Xiaobao Song , Tong Guan , Shirui Pan , Ming Jin

This report describes ARIS (Auto-Research-in-sleep), an open-source research harness for autonomous research, including its architecture, assurance mechanisms, and early deployment experience. The performance of agent systems built on LLMs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Ruofeng Yang , Yongcan Li , Shuai Li

AI agents have been developed for complex real-world tasks from coding to customer service. But AI agent evaluations suffer from many challenges that undermine our understanding of how well agents really work. We introduce the Holistic…

AI agents -- systems that combine foundation models with reasoning, planning, memory, and tool use -- are rapidly becoming a practical interface between natural-language intent and real-world computation. This survey synthesizes the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Bin Xu

Foundation model development attracts a rapidly expanding body of contributors, scientists, and applications. To help shape responsible development practices, we introduce the Foundation Model Development Cheatsheet: a growing collection of…

LLM agents increasingly run inside execution harnesses that dispatch tools, allocate resources, and route messages between specialized components. However, a harness can return a correct, benign answer over a trajectory that accesses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Chengzhi Liu , Yichen Guo , Yepeng Liu , Yuzhe Yang , Qianqi Yan , Xuandong Zhao , Wenyue Hua , Sheng Liu , Sharon Li , Yuheng Bu , Xin Eric Wang
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