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Related papers: Shortcut Mitigation via Spurious-Positive Samples

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We present a simple but effective method to measure and mitigate model biases caused by reliance on spurious cues. Instead of requiring costly changes to one's data or model training, our method better utilizes the data one already has by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Mazda Moayeri , Wenxiao Wang , Sahil Singla , Soheil Feizi

Deep neural networks often develop spurious bias, reliance on correlations between non-essential features and classes for predictions. For example, a model may identify objects based on frequently co-occurring backgrounds rather than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Guangtao Zheng , Wenqian Ye , Aidong Zhang

Pretrained language models often rely on superficial features that appear predictive during training yet fail to generalize at test time, a phenomenon known as shortcut learning. Existing mitigation methods generally operate at training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Jiayi Li , Shijie Tang , Gün Kaynar , Shiyi Du , Carl Kingsford

Deep neural networks often rely on spurious features to make predictions, which makes them brittle under distribution shift and on samples where the spurious correlation does not hold (e.g., minority-group examples). Recent studies have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Aryan Yazdan Parast , Khawar Islam , Soyoun Won , Basim Azam , Naveed Akhtar

Empirical risk minimization (ERM) incentivizes models to exploit shortcuts, i.e., spurious correlations between input attributes and labels that are prevalent in the majority of the training data but unrelated to the task at hand. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Michalis Korakakis , Andreas Vlachos , Adrian Weller

To address the problem of NLP classifiers learning spurious correlations between training features and target labels, a common approach is to make the model's predictions invariant to these features. However, this can be counter-productive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Parikshit Bansal , Amit Sharma

We introduce a toolkit for uncovering spurious correlations between recording characteristics and target class in speech datasets. Spurious correlations may arise due to heterogeneous recording conditions, a common scenario for…

Adapter-based training has emerged as a key mechanism for extending the capabilities of powerful foundation image generators, enabling personalized and stylized text-to-image synthesis. These adapters are typically trained to capture a…

Identifying spurious correlations learned by a trained model is at the core of refining a trained model and building a trustworthy model. We present a simple method to identify spurious correlations that have been learned by a model trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Misgina Tsighe Hagos , Kathleen M. Curran , Brian Mac Namee

Spurious correlations that lead models to correct predictions for the wrong reasons pose a critical challenge for robust real-world generalization. Existing research attributes this issue to group imbalance and addresses it by maximizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Miaoyun Zhao , Chenrong Li , Qiang Zhang

Neuro-symbolic predictors learn a mapping from sub-symbolic inputs to higher-level concepts and then carry out (probabilistic) logical inference on this intermediate representation. This setup offers clear advantages in terms of consistency…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Emanuele Marconato , Stefano Teso , Andrea Passerini

Empirical Risk Minimization (ERM) models often rely on spurious correlations between features and labels during the learning process, leading to shortcut learning behavior that undermines robustness generalization performance. Current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Lili Zhao , Qi Liu , Wei Chen , Liyi Chen , Ruijun Sun , Min Hou , Yang Wang , Shijin Wang

Instance features in images exhibit spurious correlations with background features, affecting the training process of deep neural classifiers. This leads to insufficient attention to instance features by the classifier, resulting in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Xuewei Li , Zhenzhen Nie , Mei Yu , Zijian Zhang , Jie Gao , Tianyi Xu , Zhiqiang Liu

Spurious correlations are brittle associations between certain attributes of inputs and target variables, such as the correlation between an image background and an object class. Deep image classifiers often leverage them for predictions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Guangtao Zheng , Wenqian Ye , Aidong Zhang

To enhance group robustness to spurious correlations, prior work often relies on auxiliary group annotations and assumes identical sets of groups across training and test domains. To overcome these limitations, we propose to leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Chenruo Liu , Hongjun Liu , Zeyu Lai , Yiqiu Shen , Chen Zhao , Qi Lei

Deep neural networks do not discriminate between spurious and causal patterns, and will only learn the most predictive ones while ignoring the others. This shortcut learning behaviour is detrimental to a network's ability to generalize to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Thomas Duboudin , Emmanuel Dellandréa , Corentin Abgrall , Gilles Hénaff , Liming Chen

Shortcut learning occurs when a deep neural network overly relies on spurious correlations in the training dataset in order to solve downstream tasks. Prior works have shown how this impairs the compositional generalization capability of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Piyapat Saranrittichai , Chaithanya Kumar Mummadi , Claudia Blaiotta , Mauricio Munoz , Volker Fischer

Coreset selection methods have shown promise in reducing the training data size while maintaining model performance for data-efficient machine learning. However, as many datasets suffer from biases that cause models to learn spurious…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Amaya Dharmasiri , William Yang , Polina Kirichenko , Lydia Liu , Olga Russakovsky

Deep neural networks have been shown to learn and rely on spurious correlations present in the data that they are trained on. Reliance on such correlations can cause these networks to malfunction when deployed in the real world, where these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Varun Mulchandani , Jung-Eun Kim

Shortcuts, also described as Clever Hans behavior, spurious correlations, or confounders, present a significant challenge in machine learning and AI, critically affecting model generalization and robustness. Research in this area, however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-09 David Steinmann , Felix Divo , Maurice Kraus , Antonia Wüst , Lukas Struppek , Felix Friedrich , Kristian Kersting