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This position paper provides a critical but constructive discussion of current practices in benchmarking and evaluative practices in the field of formal reasoning and automated theorem proving. We take the position that open code, open…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Roozbeh Yousefzadeh , Xuenan Cao

Using AI to write formal proofs for mathematical problems is a challenging task that has seen some advancements in recent years. Automated systems such as Lean can verify the correctness of proofs written in formal language, yet writing the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Roozbeh Yousefzadeh , Xuenan Cao , Azim Ospanov

Mathematical reasoning is a hallmark of human intelligence, and whether large language models (LLMs) can meaningfully perform it remains a central question in artificial intelligence and cognitive science. As LLMs are increasingly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Linyang He , Qiyao Yu , Hanze Dong , Baohao Liao , Xinxing Xu , Micah Goldblum , Jiang Bian , Nima Mesgarani

Current evaluations of mathematical reasoning in large language models (LLMs) are dominated by static benchmarks, either derived from competition-style problems or curated through costly expert effort, resulting in limited coverage of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jicheng Ma , Guohua Wang , Xinhua Feng , Yiming Liu , Zhichao Hu , Yuhong Liu

Despite impressive results on curated benchmarks, the practical impact of large language models (LLMs) on research-level neural theorem proving and proof autoformalization is still limited. We introduce RLMEval, an evaluation suite for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Auguste Poiroux , Antoine Bosselut , Viktor Kunčak

AI for Mathematics (AI4Math) has emerged as a distinct field that leverages machine learning to navigate mathematical landscapes historically intractable for early symbolic systems. While mid-20th-century symbolic approaches successfully…

History and Overview · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Haocheng Ju , Bin Dong

Given the remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), an important question arises: Can LLMs conduct human-like scientific research and discover new knowledge, and act as an AI scientist? Scientific discovery is an iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Tingting Chen , Srinivas Anumasa , Beibei Lin , Vedant Shah , Anirudh Goyal , Dianbo Liu

While Large Language Models have achieved notable success on formal mathematics benchmarks such as MiniF2F, it remains unclear whether these results stem from genuine logical reasoning or semantic pattern matching against pre-training data.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Lixing Li

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in formal theorem proving, yet evaluating semantic correctness remains challenging. Existing evaluations rely on indirect proxies such as lexical overlap with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Jongyoon Kim , Hojae Han , Seung-won Hwang

AI-driven autoformalization of mathematics is advancing rapidly. However, the type checker of a proof assistant guarantees only the logical correctness of proofs; it does not verify whether propositions and definitions faithfully capture…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Banri Yanahama , Akiyoshi Sannai

With the growing popularity of Large Reasoning Models and their results in solving mathematical problems, it becomes crucial to measure their capabilities. We introduce a pipeline for both automatic and interactive verification as a more…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Varvara Sazonova , Dmitri Shmelkin , Stanislav Kikot , Vasily Motolygin

Proof assistants like Lean have revolutionized mathematical proof verification, ensuring high accuracy and reliability. Although large language models (LLMs) show promise in mathematical reasoning, their advancement in formal theorem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Huajian Xin , Daya Guo , Zhihong Shao , Zhizhou Ren , Qihao Zhu , Bo Liu , Chong Ruan , Wenda Li , Xiaodan Liang

Existing benchmarks for evaluating mathematical reasoning in large language models (LLMs) rely primarily on competition problems, formal proofs, or artificially challenging questions -- failing to capture the nature of mathematics…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Jie Zhang , Cezara Petrui , Kristina Nikolić , Florian Tramèr

Mathematical reasoning is essential for problem-solving in education, science, and industry, serving as a crucial benchmark for evaluating artificial intelligence systems. As Large Language Models (LLMs) improve their reasoning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Husnain Amjad , Raja Khurram Shahzad , Aamir Shahzad , Mehwish Fatima

Proof autoformalization, the task of translating natural language theorems and proofs into machine-verifiable code, is a critical step for integrating large language models into rigorous mathematical workflows. Current approaches focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Rafael Cabral , Tuan Manh Do , Xuejun Yu , Wai Ming Tai , Zijin Feng , Xin Shen

Autoformalization has emerged as a term referring to the automation of formalization - specifically, the formalization of mathematics using interactive theorem provers (proof assistants). Its rapid development has been driven by progress in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Agnieszka Mensfelt , David Tena Cucala , Santiago Franco , Angeliki Koutsoukou-Argyraki , Vince Trencsenyi , Kostas Stathis

Informal mathematics has been central to modern large language model (LLM) reasoning, offering flexibility and enabling efficient construction of arguments. However, purely informal reasoning is prone to logical gaps and subtle errors that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Azim Ospanov , Zijin Feng , Jiacheng Sun , Haoli Bai , Xin Shen , Farzan Farnia

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive mathematical reasoning abilities, but their solutions frequently contain errors that cannot be automatically checked. Formal theorem proving systems such as Lean 4 offer automated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Sumanth Varambally , Thomas Voice , Yanchao Sun , Zhifeng Chen , Rose Yu , Ke Ye

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate impressive performance in mathematics, existing math benchmarks come with significant limitations. Many focus on problems with fixed ground-truth answers, and are often saturated due to problem…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Mislav Balunović , Jasper Dekoninck , Nikola Jovanović , Ivo Petrov , Martin Vechev

Geometry problems are a crucial testbed for AI reasoning capabilities. Most existing geometry solving systems cannot express problems within a unified framework, thus are difficult to integrate with other mathematical fields. Besides, since…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-21 Chendong Song , Zihan Wang , Frederick Pu , Haiming Wang , Xiaohan Lin , Junqi Liu , Jia Li , Zhengying Liu