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Reinforcement learning (RL) has been widely used in training large language models (LLMs) for preventing unexpected outputs, eg reducing harmfulness and errors. However, existing RL methods mostly adopt the instance-level reward, which is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Zhipeng Chen , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Junchen Wan , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang , Ji-Rong Wen

The proliferation of Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) models has democratized personalized text-to-image generation, enabling users to share lightweight models (e.g., personal portraits) on platforms like Civitai and Liblib. However, this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Jiahao Chen , junhao li , Yiming Wang , Zhe Ma , Yi Jiang , Chunyi Zhou , Qingming Li , Tianyu Du , Shouling Ji

The rapid advancements in large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized natural language processing, creating an increased need for efficient, task-specific fine-tuning methods. Traditional fine-tuning of LLMs involves updating a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Ayush Singh , Rajdeep Aher , Shivank Garg

Low-rank adaptation, also known as LoRA, has emerged as a prominent method for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of foundation models. Despite its computational efficiency, LoRA still yields inferior performance compared to full fine-tuning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Zhengbo Wang , Jian Liang , Ran He , Zilei Wang , Tieniu Tan

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) lowers the computational and memory overhead of fine-tuning large models by updating a low-dimensional subspace of the pre-trained weight matrix. Albeit efficient, LoRA exhibits suboptimal convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Georgios B. Giannakis

Large language models (LLMs) have proven to be very capable, but access to frontier models currently relies on inference providers. This introduces trust challenges: how can we be sure that the provider is using the model configuration they…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jack Min Ong , Matthew Di Ferrante , Aaron Pazdera , Ryan Garner , Sami Jaghouar , Manveer Basra , Max Ryabinin , Johannes Hagemann

Human Activity Recognition is a foundational task in pervasive computing. While recent advances in self-supervised learning and transformer-based architectures have significantly improved HAR performance, adapting large pretrained models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Irina Seregina , Philippe Lalanda , German Vega

Finetuned LLMs often exhibit poor uncertainty quantification, manifesting as overconfidence, poor calibration, and unreliable prediction results on test data or out-of-distribution samples. One approach commonly used in vision for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Xi Wang , Laurence Aitchison , Maja Rudolph

The widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) as re-rankers is shifting recommender systems towards a user-centric paradigm. However, a significant gap remains: current re-rankers often lack mechanisms for fine-grained user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Wenxi Dai , Wujiang Xu , Pinhuan Wang , Dimitris N. Metaxas

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method widely used in large language models (LLMs). LoRA essentially describes the projection of an input space into a low-dimensional output space, with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shiwei Li , Xiandi Luo , Haozhao Wang , Xing Tang , Ziqiang Cui , Dugang Liu , Yuhua Li , Xiuqiang He , Ruixuan Li

Fine-tuning large-scale pre-trained models is prohibitively expensive in terms of computation and memory costs. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a popular Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) method, offers an efficient solution by optimizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tao Li , Zhengbao He , Yujun Li , Yasheng Wang , Lifeng Shang , Xiaolin Huang

Large language models (LLMs) possess vast knowledge acquired from extensive training corpora, but they often cannot remove specific pieces of information when needed, which makes it hard to handle privacy, bias mitigation, and knowledge…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yezi Liu , Hanning Chen , Wenjun Huang , Yang Ni , Mohsen Imani

We present a data-adaptive method for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large neural networks. Standard low-rank adaptation methods improve efficiency by restricting each layer update to a fixed low-rank form, but this static…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Omatharv Bharat Vaidya , Connor T. Jerzak , Nhat Ho , Chandrajit Bajaj

Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a widely used parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) method that learns weight updates $\Delta W = AB$ for pretrained weights $W$ through low-rank adapters $A$ and $B$. While LoRA ensures hardware efficiency,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yibo Zhong , Jinman Zhao , Yao Zhou

Despite large neural networks demonstrating remarkable abilities to complete different tasks, they require excessive memory usage to store the optimization states for training. To alleviate this, the low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Yongchang Hao , Yanshuai Cao , Lili Mou

Fine-tuning large pre-trained vision foundation models in a parameter-efficient manner is critical for downstream vision tasks, considering the practical constraints of computational and storage costs. Low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Houqiang Zhong , Shaocheng Shen , Ke Cai , Zhenglong Wu , Jiangchao Yao , Yuan Cheng , Xuefei Li , Xiaoyun Zhang , Li Song , Qiang Hu

Federated fine-tuning (FedFT) has been proposed to fine-tune the pre-trained language models in a distributed manner. However, there are two critical challenges for efficient FedFT in practical applications, i.e., resource constraints and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Jun Liu , Yunming Liao , Hongli Xu , Yang Xu , Jianchun Liu , Chen Qian

Models for noncoherent error control in random linear network coding (RLNC) and store and forward (SAF) have been recently proposed. In this paper, we model different types of random network communications as the transmission of flats of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-03-13 Maximilien Gadouleau , Alban Goupil

Hyperdimensional Computing (HDC) is facing infringement issues due to straightforward computations. This work, for the first time, raises a critical vulnerability of HDC, an attacker can reverse engineer the entire model, only requiring the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Shijin Duan , Shaolei Ren , Xiaolin Xu

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) aims to adapt pre-trained models to specific tasks using relatively small and domain-specific datasets. Among Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods, Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) stands out by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Yarui Cao , Kai Liu
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