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High storage and computational costs obstruct deep neural networks to be deployed on resource-constrained devices. Knowledge distillation aims to train a compact student network by transferring knowledge from a larger pre-trained teacher…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Haoran Zhao , Xin Sun , Junyu Dong , Changrui Chen , Zihe Dong

Knowledge distillation (KD) has become a widely adopted approach for compressing large language models (LLMs) to reduce computational costs and memory footprints. However, the availability of complex teacher models is a prerequisite for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-27 Yao Fu , Yin Yu , Xiaotian Han , Runchao Li , Xianxuan Long , Haotian Yu , Pan Li

To augment language models with the ability to reason, researchers usually prompt or finetune them to produce chain of thought reasoning steps before producing the final answer. However, although people use natural language to reason…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Yuntian Deng , Kiran Prasad , Roland Fernandez , Paul Smolensky , Vishrav Chaudhary , Stuart Shieber

This work studies knowledge distillation (KD) and addresses its constraints for recurrent neural network transducer (RNN-T) models. In hard distillation, a teacher model transcribes large amounts of unlabelled speech to train a student…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Mohammad Zeineldeen , Kartik Audhkhasi , Murali Karthick Baskar , Bhuvana Ramabhadran

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have emerged with remarkable capabilities in complex tasks through Chain-of-Thought reasoning, practical resource constraints have sparked interest in transferring these abilities to smaller models.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Jin Cui , Jiaqi Guo , Jiepeng Zhou , Ruixuan Yang , Jiayi Lu , Jiajun Xu , Jiangcheng Song , Boran Zhao , Pengju Ren

Knowledge-based Visual Question Answering (KBVQA) necessitates external knowledge incorporation beyond cross-modal understanding. Existing KBVQA methods either utilize implicit knowledge in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) via…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yu Zhao , Ying Zhang , Xuhui Sui , Baohang Zhou , Li Shen , Dacheng Tao

Knowledge distillation constitutes a potent methodology for condensing substantial neural networks into more compact and efficient counterparts. Within this context, softmax regression representation learning serves as a widely embraced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Huayu Li , Xiwen Chen , Gregory Ditzler , Janet Roveda , Ao Li

Large language models (LLMs) deliver remarkable performance but are costly to deploy, motivating knowledge distillation (KD) for efficient inference. Existing KD objectives typically match student and teacher probabilities via softmax,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yeongmin Kim , Donghyeok Shin , Mina Kang , Byeonghu Na , Il-Chul Moon

A recent trend in Natural Language Processing is the exponential growth in Language Model (LM) size, which prevents research groups without a necessary hardware infrastructure from participating in the development process. This study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Jan Philip Wahle

Knowledge distillation offers a promising path to transfer reasoning capabilities from large teacher models to efficient student models; however, existing token-level on-policy distillation methods require token-level alignment between the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Jing Xiong , Hui Shen , Shansan Gong , Yuxin Cheng , Jianghan Shen , Chaofan Tao , Haochen Tan , Haoli Bai , Lifeng Shang , Ngai Wong

Sequence-level knowledge distillation (SLKD) is a model compression technique that leverages large, accurate teacher models to train smaller, under-parameterized student models. Why does pre-processing MT data with SLKD help us train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-10 Mitchell A. Gordon , Kevin Duh

Advances in large language models (LLMs) significantly enhance reasoning capabilities but their deployment is restricted in resource-constrained scenarios. Knowledge distillation addresses this by transferring knowledge from powerful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Zhenyu Lei , Zhen Tan , Song Wang , Yaochen Zhu , Zihan Chen , Yushun Dong , Jundong Li

On-policy self-distillation (OPSD) is an emerging LLM post-training paradigm in which the model serves as its own teacher: conditioned on privileged information such as a reference trace or hint, the same policy provides dense token-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Hongbin Zhang , Chaozheng Wang , Kehai Chen , Youcheng Pan , Yang Xiang , Jinpeng Wang , Min Zhang

Continual learning, involving sequential training on diverse tasks, often faces catastrophic forgetting. While knowledge distillation-based approaches exhibit notable success in preventing forgetting, we pinpoint a limitation in their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-17 Zenglin Shi , Pei Liu , Tong Su , Yunpeng Wu , Kuien Liu , Yu Song , Meng Wang

In the field of large language models (LLMs), Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a critical technique for transferring capabilities from teacher models to student models. However, existing KD methods face limitations and challenges in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Yixing Li , Yuxian Gu , Li Dong , Dequan Wang , Yu Cheng , Furu Wei

Large-scale contrastive learning models can learn very informative sentence embeddings, but are hard to serve online due to the huge model size. Therefore, they often play the role of "teacher", transferring abilities to small "student"…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Chaochen Gao , Xing Wu , Peng Wang , Jue Wang , Liangjun Zang , Zhongyuan Wang , Songlin Hu

Deploying speaker verification on resource-constrained devices remains challenging due to the computational cost of high-capacity models; knowledge distillation (KD) offers a remedy. Classical KD entangles target confidence with non-target…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-22 Ju-ho Kim , Youngmoon Jung , Joon-Young Yang , Jaeyoung Roh , Chang Woo Han , Hoon-Young Cho

Large language models (LLMs) excel at reasoning tasks but are expensive to deploy. Thus small language models (SLMs) are fine-tuned on CoT data generated by LLMs to copy LLMs' abilities. However, these CoT data may include noisy rationales…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Hongyan Xie , Yitong Yao , Yikun Ban , Zixuan Huang , Deqing Wang , Zhenhe Wu , Haoxiang Su , Chao Wang , Shuangyong Song

Knowledge distillation transfers knowledge from a high capacity teacher to a compact student using a mixture of hard and soft losses. On imbalanced data, a fixed weighting between hard and soft losses becomes brittle the learning process.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Anh B. H. Nguyen , Ba Tho Phan , Viet Cuong Ta

Knowledge distillation allows smaller neural networks to emulate the performance of larger, teacher models with reduced computational demands. Traditional methods for Large Language Models (LLMs) often necessitate extensive fine-tuning,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Tyler McDonald , Ali Emami